Effects of pH‐neutral, super‐oxidised solution on human dermal fibroblasts in vitro

Abstract

For the past 20 years, super-oxidised solutions (SOSs) have been shown to be potent antimicrobials and disinfectants via oxidative damage. However, the potential toxicity of SOSs on eukaryotic cells has not been documented in vitro. This is relevant because oxygen and chlorine reactive species may possibly induce ageing and irreversible cellular dysfunctions that eventually produce cell death. The present study investigates the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by a novel, pH-neutral SOS (i.e. Microcyn, MCN) on young, primary diploid - human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cultures. For this purpose, hydrogen peroxide (HP) was used as a positive control of oxidative damage. When these solutions were used at concentrations indicated for wound care (i.e. undiluted MCN or 880 mM HP), HP was significantly more toxic than MCN. After 5 and 30 minutes of exposure, cell viability was 38% and 5%, respectively, in 880 mM HP-treated cells versus 75% and 70% in MCN-treated populations, respectively. HP induced both apoptosis and necrosis, whereas MCN induced only necrosis. Genotoxic and ageing studies were then conducted at sublethal HP concentrations as previously reported in the literature. Cellular DNA and RNA were partially degraded only in HDFs exposed to 500 microM HP for 30 minutes but not in those exposed to undiluted MCN. At this same concentration, HP induced the formation of 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine adducts in HDFs but this effect was neither observed in control- nor observed in MCN-treated cells. HDFs were further exposed to 5 microM HP or 10% MCN for 1 month. The expression of senescence-associated-beta-galactosidase was only significantly elevated in cells chronically exposed to 5 microM HP. Altogether, these results show that MCN is significantly less cytotoxic than antiseptic HP concentrations (i.e. 880 mM) and that, in vitro, it does not induce genotoxicity or accelerated ageing.

Topical Antimicrobial Therapy for Treating Chronic Wounds

“…Super-oxidized water is a recently approved antiseptic, one brand of which (Microcyn; Oculus) is available without prescription. This pH-neutral sterilant with reactive species of chlorine and oxygen in a stable formulation is rapidly bactericidal, has broad-spectrum coverage, does not appear to facilitate bacterial resistance or damage host tissues, and may be active in the presence of biofilm [28]. It can be applied directly to wounds or be combined with dressings or other wound products, and several small, nonrandomized studies suggest it is effective in treating infected diabetic foot ulcers [29][30][31].…”

Antibacterial Efficacy of Super-Oxidized Water on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms in Root Canal

“…Superoxide radicals can attack susceptible biological targets, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (18). One of the other advantages of SPO is its lower level of toxicity when compared to NaOCl (19) and hydrogen peroxide (20). Moreover, SPO has been investigated as an irrigation solution in root canals (16, 21) and recommended as a disinfectant for dental unit water lines and endoscopes (17).…”

Improved Osteoblast and Chondrocyte Adhesion and Viability by Surface-Modified Ti6Al4V Alloy with Anodized TiO2 Nanotubes Using a Super-Oxidative Solution

“…To our knowledge, this is the first study aimed at fabricating and characterizing NTs on the Ti6Al4V surface by anodic oxidation using a novel short process constituted by a commercial super-oxidative water used for medical instrument disinfection [36,37], containing ammonium fluoride, and studying its biological effects on primary pig periosteal osteoblast (PPO) and elastic cartilage pig chondrocytes (PCC). Cell morphology was examined by SEM and AFM.…”