Effects of pH on the bioconcentration of pyrene in the larval midge, Chironomus riparius

Wildi, Eckhart; Nagel, Roland; Steinberg, Christian

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(94)90073-6

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Similarly, less non-dissociative lindane (30) was taken up by midge larvae (Chironomus riparius) at a lower pH (Fisher 1985). Wildi et al (1994) reported a similar profile in bioconcentration of pyrene (5) by midge larvae, and speculated that the mucus that covers the body surface at lower pH levels may reduce diffusion of a chemical into the larvae.…”

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…One of the most common pathways, which affects PAHs and similar compounds, is ring hydroxylation by oxidases, followed by conjugation with sulfate, glucose, and/or glucuronic acid. The dihydroxydihydro derivatives generally have a cis configuration from catalytic conversion by dioxygenases, but the trans derivatives of phenanthrene and pyrene have also been reported (Narro et al 1992a;Wildi et al 1994). Carbohydrate conjugates usually show a β-linkage at the ether moiety, but Warshawsky et al (1990) found that conjugates were hydrolyzed by α-glucosidase in the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (7) by the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum.…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Other Simple Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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The ecotoxicological assessment of pesticide effects in the aquatic environment should normally be based on a deep knowledge of not only the concentration of pesticides and metabolites found but also on the influence of key abiotic and biotic processes that effect rates of dissipation. Although the bioconcentration and bioaccumulation potentials of pesticides in aquatic organisms are conveniently estimated from their hydrophobicity (represented by log K(ow), it is still indispensable to factor in the effects of key abiotic and biotic processes on such pesticides to gain a more precise understanding of how they may have in the natural environment. Relying only on pesticide hydrophobicity may produce an erroneous environmental impact assessment. Several factors affect rates of pesticide dissipation and accumulation in the aquatic environment. Such factors include the amount and type of sediment present in the water and type of diet available to water-dwelling organisms. The particular physiological behavior profiles of aquatic organisms in water, such as capacity for uptake, metabolism, and elimination, are also compelling factors, as is the chemistry of the water. When evaluating pesticide uptake and bioconcentration processes, it is important to know the amount and nature of bottom sediments present and the propensity that the stuffed aquatic organisms have to absorb and process xenobiotics. Extremely hydrophobic pesticides such as the organochlorines and pyrethroids are susceptible to adsorb strongly to dissolved organic matter associated with bottom sediment. Such absorption reduces the bioavailable fraction of pesticide dissolved in the water column and reduces the probable ecotoxicological impact on aquatic organisms living the water. In contrast, sediment dweller may suffer from higher levels of direct exposure to a pesticide, unless it is rapidly degraded in sediment. Metabolism is important to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation processes, as is detoxification and bioactivation. Hydrophobic pesticides that are expected to be highly stored in tissues would not be bioconcentrated if susceptible to biotic transformation by aquatic organisms to more rapidly metabolized to hydrophilic entities are generally less toxic. By analogy, pesticides that are metabolized to similar entities by aquatic species surely are les ecotoxicologically significant. One feature of fish and other aquatic species that makes them more relevant as targets of environmental studies and of regulation is that they may not only become contaminated by pesticides or other chemicals, but that they constitute and important part of the human diet. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the enzymes that are capable of metabolizing or otherwise assisting in the removal of xenobiotics from aquatic species. Many studies have been performed on the enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing xenobiotics. In addition to the use of conventional biochemical methods, such studies on enzymes are increasingly being conducted using immunochemical met...

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Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Other Simple Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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“…Bioconcentration of a polynuclear aromatic compound, pyrene, was studied by Wildi (1994) at pH 4, 6, and 8 s.u. with larval stages of the chronomid midge, Chironomid riparius.…”

Section: Other Organicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pollutants on freshwater organisms

Hall¹,

Chamberlain²,

Godwin-Saad³

1995

Water Environment Research

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“…The potential toxicity of sediment-associated compounds to the benthic biota are affected by the adsorption/desorption processes (Huang and McKercher 1984), the feeding behavior of the organism (Kaag et al 1997), and pH of the surrounding environment (Wildi et al 1994). Among these factors, sorption is one of the key processes regulating contaminant concentrations in solution and hence the potential toxicity (Öberg and Bergbäck 2005;García-Ortega et al 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption and genotoxicity of sediment-associated pentachlorophenol and pyrene influenced by crop residue ash

et al. 2009

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Purpose The bioavailability and potential toxicity of sedimentassociated organic compounds are affected by sorption processes. The particulate matter (ash) from field burning of crop residues is one of the primary sources for environmental black carbon, which is regarded as supersorbent for organic contaminants and may reduce their ecotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate the influence of ash on sedimentassociated organic pollutants' potential toxicity. Materials and methods Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and pyrene (PYE) were chosen as the target organic pollutants, earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were used to evaluate the genotoxicity of contaminated sediments in the exposure experiments, and the genotoxicity (expressed as DNA damage) was quantified by comet assay. Sediments amended with different levels of ash (1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%) were selected as the sorbent to investigate the influence of ash on the sorption and genotoxicity of sediment-associated organic compounds. In order to study the toxic effect of ash, the ash-amended sediments without pollutants addition were adopted as exposure systems in the comet assay. Results and discussion The sorption capacity for PCP and PYE increased with ash content in the sediment. The high adsorptivity of ash was attributed to the black carbon contained in the ash, which is in line with many previous studies. When spiked at a concentration of 200 μg/kg, both PCP and PYE exerted significant genotoxic effect on earthworms. The genotoxicity of sediment-associated pollutants decreased as the ash content in sediment increased. The DNA damage in the 5% ash-amended exposure showed no significant difference with that in the control exposure, probably due to the strong sorption capactiy of ash, which decreased bioavailability as well as toxicity of sediment-associated pollutants. However, the 10% ash treatment had a higher DNA lesion than that in the 5% charadded exposure. This may have been caused by the genotoxic compounds and high alkalinity contained in the ash. Conclusions Addition of ash increased sorption and inhibited the genotoxicity of sediment-associated organic toxicants. When added at a high rate (e.g., 10%), ash could also exert genotoxic effect. As field burning is a common land-cleaning method in many agricultural areas, the ecological influence of ash should be given much attention in the future study. More research should be conducted to better understand the mechanism of toxic effect of ash.

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Effects of pH on the bioconcentration of pyrene in the larval midge, Chironomus riparius

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Effects of pollutants on freshwater organisms

Sorption and genotoxicity of sediment-associated pentachlorophenol and pyrene influenced by crop residue ash

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