Effects of PH3 Contaminant on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Performance and Related Anode Surface Temperature Measurements

Guo, Huiping; Iqbal, Gulfam; Kang, Bruce S.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02561.x

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In this system, the amount of waste heat produced by ohmic and resistive activation losses in the cell is controlled by loading current, in order to supply the storage without excess heat production. The current-voltage behavior (polarization curve) is shown in Figure S1, obtained by numerical simulation of this SOFC model, which shows very similar characteristics with others' computational and experiential results [32][33][34][35]. This confirms the validity of our calculation model.…”

Section: Simulation Of Mgh 2 -Sofcsupporting

confidence: 85%

Heat Modeling and Material Development of Mg-Based Nanomaterials Combined with Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Stationary Energy Storage

Shao

2017

Energies

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Mg-based materials have been investigated as hydrogen storage materials, especially for possible onboard storage in fuel cell vehicles for decades. Recently, with the development of large-scale fuel cell technologies, the development of Mg-based materials as stationary storage to supply hydrogen to fuel-cell components and provide electricity and heat is becoming increasingly promising. In this work, numerical analysis of heat balance management for stationary solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems combined with MgH 2 materials based on a carbon-neutral design concept was performed. Waste heat from the SOFC is supplied to hydrogen desorption as endothermic heat for the MgH 2 materials. The net efficiency of this model achieves 82% lower heating value (LHV), and the efficiency of electrical power output becomes 68.6% in minimizing heat output per total energy output when all available heat of waste gas and system is supplied to warm up the storage. For the development of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials, various nano-processing techniques have been widely applied to synthesize Mg-based materials with small particle and crystallite sizes, resulting in good hydrogen storage kinetics, but poor thermal conductivity. Here, three kinds of Mg-based materials were investigated and compared: 325 mesh Mg powers, 300 nm Mg nanoparticles synthesized by hydrogen plasma metal reaction, and Mg 50 Co 50 metastable alloy with body-centered cubic structure. Based on the overall performances of hydrogen capacity, absorption kinetics and thermal conductivity of the materials, the Mg nanoparticle sample by plasma synthesis is the most promising material for this potential application. The findings in this paper may shed light on a new energy conversion and utilization technology on MgH 2-SOFC combined concept.

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Section: Simulation Of Mgh 2 -Sofcsupporting

confidence: 85%

Heat Modeling and Material Development of Mg-Based Nanomaterials Combined with Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Stationary Energy Storage

Shao

2017

Energies

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“…But the precipitate phase cannot be identified in this study. In the Ni/YSZ anode SOFCs, the PH 3 can react with Ni in the all cells in previous works [19,20,[104][105][106][107]. In this study, similar morphology changes were observed.…”

Section: Effect Of Ph 3 On Ni In Anode Of Sofcssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…So it is essential to examine the effect of the contaminant on the SOFCs performance in terms of structure and chemistry changes. PH 3 is an interesting contaminant, which was investigated by different research groups in Ni/YSZ anode SOFCs [19,20,[104][105][106][107] or other anode SOFCs [108,109]. In the Ni/YSZ anode SOFCs, the PH 3 can react with Ni in the all cells in those previous works.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructure and Chemistry Evolution of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells upon Cell Operation

Chen¹

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Nanostructure and Chemistry Evolution of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells upon Cell Operation By Song Chen Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are clean and efficient alternatives to conventional power generation technology. In SOFC, electrochemical reactions take place on the triple-phase boundaries (TPBs) between the electrolyte, the electrode and the gaseous fuel. Small changes in TPB structure or chemistry, and the interface between electrode and electrolyte can drastically affect SOFC performance and lifetime. However, very limited experimental work has been reported on the nanostructure and chemistry evolution of interface and TPBs in the SOFC upon cell operation. The main goal of this dissertation is to investigate the nanostructure and chemistry of the grain boundaries and interfaces including TPB in SOFC, and their evolution with respect to the cell operation, and the variation of the fuel chemistry. The nanostructure and chemistry of the SOFC was investigated using Transmission Electron Microscopy. The analysis of microstructural and chemical evolution of anode was focused on the grain boundaries and TPB junctions of Ni/YSZ anode, in the two different aspects detailed in the following. (1). Comparisons were made between an as-received cell and a cell operated at 800°C for several hundred hours using H 2 and syngas as fuel. Significant crystallographic evolution, including the formation of previously un-acknowledged NiO interface ribbon phase and the Y migration along the Ni/YSZ interface, was studied systematically. (2). The interaction of trace (ppm) phosphine with Ni-YSZ anode of commercial SOFC has also been investigated and evaluated for both synthesis gas and hydrogen fuels in an effort to examine the reactions between phosphine and YSZ. A principal benefit of SOFC is that it can utilize diverse fuels, including those derived from fossil and biotic sources. At elevated temperatures, SOFCs demonstrate some tolerance to fuel impurities that poison most other fuel cell systems. However, for coal-derived synthesis gas (syngas) under typical SOFC operating conditions, some trace material species may escape gas cleanup processing to impact the SOFC anode performance and long term stability. Among such trace species, phosphorus is of particular interest because the nickel anode is known to rapidly react with volatile phosphorus compounds to form a series of nickel phosphide products, which results in severe depletion of the nickel component and degradation of the anode. The particular focus of the present study is to analyze the interaction of P with YSZ, so as to elucidate the complete set of cell degradation modes induced by phosphine. In this study, a new YPO 4 phase was observed at YSZ/Ni/YSZ triple phase junctions, which indicates the reaction between PH 3 and YSZ in SOFCs. In addition to the work on the anode, the microstructure and chemistry evolution of the cathode upon cell operation is studied as well. The focus is on the infiltration of cathode which has been proved to be effective in enhancing the cathode pe...

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“…It is essential that fuel cells be tolerant to these impurities up to certain levels since it is difficult and expensive to remove them completely from the fuel stream. Several experimental studies (see for example [1,[6][7][8][9][10][11]), found in the literature, reported the effect of some of these impurities on the performance of a Ni-Yttria stabilized Zirconia (Ni-YSZ) anode of SOFCs. However, tolerance limits for various impurities are not yet established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Degradation Model for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes Due to Impurities in Coal Syngas: Part II Estimation of Tolerance Limits

Cayan

Sezer

2016

Fuel Cells

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An engineering analysis based on calibrated numerical predictions was performed to estimate the minimum allowable impurity concentrations in coal syngas intended to be used in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) operating for over 10,000 h. Arsine and phosphine, impurities that are known to have the most deleterious effects on the cell performance due to their affinity to have strong relations with the anode catalyst by formation of secondary phases, were investigated. Time to failure was taken as the operation time when 60% performance loss is incurred, estimated by the previously developed one-dimensional degradation model. Limiting concentrations were determined for arsine and phosphine fuel contaminants for electrolyte and anode supported SOFCs. Predicted lifetimes for single cells can provide a basis for estimation of SOFC stack lifetimes operating on coal syngas. Extrapolation of results from the numerical simulations based on accelerated laboratory tests at relatively higher concentrations can provide guidance into predicting the cell failure at low impurity concentrations.

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Effects of PH3 Contaminant on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Performance and Related Anode Surface Temperature Measurements

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Heat Modeling and Material Development of Mg-Based Nanomaterials Combined with Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Stationary Energy Storage

Heat Modeling and Material Development of Mg-Based Nanomaterials Combined with Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Stationary Energy Storage

Nanostructure and Chemistry Evolution of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells upon Cell Operation

A Degradation Model for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes Due to Impurities in Coal Syngas: Part II Estimation of Tolerance Limits

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