Effects of Photodynamic Therapy on Rapidly Growing Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Keratitis

Shih, Min-Hsiu; Huang, Fu-Chin

doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5593

Cited by 56 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…in 2011, it has been found that in vitro after PDI treatment at 100 J cm −2 with 10 −3 % MB, the bacterial count of mycobacteria keratitis had a 2log reduction immediately. While concentration of MB was increased to 10 −2 %, almost no viable bacteria were detected after PDI treatment . MB is also renowned for efficiently eliminating a wide range of microorganisms .…”

Section: Photosensitizers In Photodynamic Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While concentration of MB was increased to 10 −2 %, almost no viable bacteria were detected after PDI treatment. [ 85 ] MB is also renowned for efficiently eliminating a wide range of microorganisms. [ 86 ] The addition of cationic ammonium species in MB derivatives was found by Andreas Späth group in 2013 to lead to better PDI efficiency in the following order tertiary > secondary > primary ammonium groups.…”

Section: Phenothiazinium Chromophorementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Perspective on the Trends and Challenges Facing Porphyrin‐Based Anti‐Microbial Materials

Gan

Gao

et al. 2016

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The emergence of multidrug resistant bacterium threatens to unravel global healthcare systems, built up over centuries of medical research and development. Current antibiotics have little resistance against this onslaught as bacterium strains can quickly evolve effective defense mechanisms. Fortunately, alternative therapies exist and, at the forefront of research lays the photodynamic inhibition approach mediated by porphyrin based photosensitizers. This review will focus on the development of various porphyrins compounds and their incorporation as small molecules, into polymers, fibers and thin films as practical therapeutic agents, utilizing photodynamic therapy to inhibit a wide spectrum of bacterium. The use of photodynamic therapy of these porphyrin molecules are discussed and evaluated according to their electronic and bulk material effect on different bacterium strains. This review also provides an insight into the general direction and challenges facing porphyrins and derivatives as full-fledged therapeutic agents and what needs to be further done in order to be bestowed their rightful and equal status in modern medicine, similar to the very first antibiotic; penicillin itself. It is hoped that, with this perspective, new paradigms and strategies in the application of porphyrins and derivatives will progressively flourish and lead to advances against disease.

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Section: Photosensitizers In Photodynamic Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phenothiazinium Chromophorementioning

confidence: 99%

A Perspective on the Trends and Challenges Facing Porphyrin‐Based Anti‐Microbial Materials

Gan

Gao

et al. 2016

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125

106

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“…PDT studies on TB have been focused on the homologous system M. bovis Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) both in vitro applying phenothiazinium salts and in murine models of localized mycobacterial induced granulomatous formation [51,52]. In a similar fashion, the antimicrobial effects of PDT have been assessed on infections caused by M. marinum [53] and on rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria keratitis [54]. …”

Section: Photodynamic Therapy As An Anti-infectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Light based anti-infectives: ultraviolet C irradiation, photodynamic therapy, blue light, and beyond

Yin

Dai

Avci

et al. 2013

Current Opinion in Pharmacology

242

172

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Owing to the worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance, researchers are investigating alternative anti-infective strategies to which it is supposed microorganisms will be unable to develop resistance. Prominent among these strategies, is a group of approaches which rely on light to deliver the killing blow. As is well known, ultraviolet light, particularly UVC (200–280nm), is germicidal, but it has not been much developed as an anti-infective approach until recently, when it was realized that the possible adverse effects to host tissue were relatively minor compared to its high activity in killing pathogens. Photodynamic therapy is the combination of non-toxic photosensitizing dyes with harmless visible light that together produce abundant destructive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Certain cationic dyes or photosensitizers have good specificity for binding to microbial cells while sparing host mammalian cells and can be used for treating many localized infections, both superficial and even deep-seated by using fiber optic delivered light. Many microbial cells are highly sensitive to killing by blue light (400–470 nm) due to accumulation of naturally occurring photosensitizers such as porphyrins and flavins. Near infrared light has also been shown to have antimicrobial effects against certain species. Clinical applications of these technologies include skin, dental, wound, stomach, nasal, toenail and other infections which are amenable to effective light delivery.

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“…To date, only little experimental evidence is provided, whether PDI is a useful option to fight bacterial keratitis. In 2011, Shih et al 39. demonstrated the bactericidal efficiency of a combination of the antibiotic amikacin and PDI with the photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) and red light (λ = 650 nm) in a rabbit model of Mycobacterium fortuitum keratitis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorin e6 mediated photodynamic inactivation for multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis in mice in vivo

Deichelbohrer

Tschernig

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Following corneal epithelium scratches, mouse corneas were infected with the multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa strain PA54. 24 hours later, 0% (for control group), 0.01%, 0.05% or 0.1% Chlorin e6 (Ce6), a second generation photosensitizer derived from chlorophyll, was combined with red light, for photodynamic inactivation (PDI). 1 hour or 2 days later, entire mouse eyes were enucleated and homogenized for counting colony forming units (CFU) of P. aeruginosa. For comparison, 0.1% Ce6 mediated PDI was started at 12 hours post infection, and 0.005% methylene blue mediated PDI 24 hours post infection. Clinical scores of corneal manifestation were recorded daily. Compared to the control, CFU 1 hour after PDI started 24 hours post infection in the 0.01% Ce6 and 0.05% Ce6 groups were significantly lower (more than one log10 reduction), the CFU 2 days post PDI higher in the 0.1% Ce6 group, clinical score lower in the 0.1% Ce6 group at 1 day post PDI. These findings suggest that PDI with Ce6 and red light has a transient efficacy in killing MDR-PA in vivo, and repetitive PDI treatments are required to fully resolve the infection. Before its clinical application, the paradoxical bacterial regrowth post PDI has to be further studied.

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Effects of Photodynamic Therapy on Rapidly Growing Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Keratitis

Abstract: This study demonstrated the effectiveness of MB-mediated PDT against Mycobacterium fortuitum. PDT could be a potential alternative treatment for nontuberculous mycobacterial corneal infections.

Cited by 56 publications

References 27 publications

A Perspective on the Trends and Challenges Facing Porphyrin‐Based Anti‐Microbial Materials

A Perspective on the Trends and Challenges Facing Porphyrin‐Based Anti‐Microbial Materials

Light based anti-infectives: ultraviolet C irradiation, photodynamic therapy, blue light, and beyond

Chlorin e6 mediated photodynamic inactivation for multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis in mice in vivo

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