Effects of physical activity and sleep duration on fertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on prospective cohort studies

Abstract

ObjectiveSubfertility is a common problem for couples in modern society. Many studies have confirmed that lifestyle factors can affect fertility although there are conflicting conclusions relating to the effects of physical activity and sleep duration on fertility. In this study, we aimed to summarize and analyze the available evidence.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases (as of October 14, 2022) were systematically searched for eligible prospective cohort studies. Data were extracted and effect values were combined. We also performed methodological quality and bias risk assessments for all the included studies.ResultsA total of 10 eligible articles were included in our analysis; seven investigated the relationship between physical activity and fertility, and three investigated the effect of sleep duration on fertility. Compared with the lowest level of physical activity, high intensity physical activity (the highest levels of physical activity) was negatively correlated with fertility [odds ratio (OR) = 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70, 1.00, I2 = 64%]. However, we did not find an association between moderate intensity physical activity and fertility (OR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.22, I2 = 60%). We observed an inverse association between limited sleep duration (≤ 7 h) and fertility (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.00, I2 = 0%) compared with 8 h of sleep. The relationship between long sleep duration (≥9 h) and fertility was not statistically significant (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.60, 1.21, I2 = 83%). According to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score, the overall quality of the research articles included was ranked as medium to high (6–9). Through GRADE system, the quality of evidence for the impact of high intensity physical activity and limited sleep duration on fertility was moderate, while the quality of evidence for the impact of moderate intensity physical activity and long sleep duration on fertility was low.ConclusionThe current evidence shows that high intensity physical activity and limited sleep time are negatively related to fertility. But there was great heterogeneity among studies, and the quality of research evidence was low to median. Thus, further high-quality research is needed to confirm this conclusion.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022298137.

History of Infertility and Midlife Cardiovascular Health in Female Individuals

“…It is not clear whether evidence exists for an association between infertility and later life behavioral factors. Evidence demonstrates direct associations of poorer quality diet, 48 , 49 , 50 lower physical activity, 51 , 52 shorter sleep duration, 52 , 53 and smoking 54 around the time of infertility. Although these components are important risk factors to assess, they may have temporal associations with infertility experiences, but may not affect later life behavioral factors unless potentially mediated by shared upstream risk factors (eg, mental or social health concerns).…”

Menstrual cycles and the impact upon performance in elite British track and field athletes: a longitudinal study

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