Effects of Physical and Mental Fatigue on Postural Sway and Cortical Activity in Healthy Young Adults

Gebel, Arnd; Busch, Aglaja; Stelzel, Christine; Hortobágyi, Tibor; Granacher, Urs

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.871930

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…One reasonable explanation is that the HIIT protocol resulted in a lower training quality in HIIT-BALANCE resulting in diminished training gains. There is indeed evidence supporting the idea that acute local fatigue results in increased postural sway (7,33). It has also been summarized that not only local but also general fatigue results in increased postural sway (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Balance Training Under Fatigue: A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Fatigue on Adaptations to Balance Training

Keller,

Lichtenstein,

Roth

et al. 2023

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Keller, M, Lichtenstein, E, Roth, R, and Faude, O. Balance training under fatigue: a randomized controlled trial on the effect of fatigue on adaptations to balance training. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—Balance training is an effective means for injury prevention in sports. However, one can question the existing practice of putting the balance programs at the start of a training session (i.e., train in an unfatigued state) because the occurrence of injuries has been associated with fatigue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of balance training in a fatigued or an unfatigued state on motor performance tested in fatigued and unfatigued conditions. Fifty-two, healthy, active volunteers (28.0 years; 19 women) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 different training groups. The BALANCE group completed 6 weeks of balance training. The other 2 groups completed the identical balance tasks either before (BALANCE-high-intensity interval training [HIIT]) or after (HIIT-BALANCE) a HIIT session. Thus, these groups trained the balance tasks either in a fatigued or in an unfatigued state. In PRE and POST tests, balance (solid ground, soft mat, wobble board) and jump performance was obtained in fatigued and unfatigued states. Balance training resulted in reduced sway paths in all groups. However, the linear models revealed larger adaptations in BALANCE-HIIT and BALANCE when compared with HIIT-BALANCE (d = 0.22–0.71). These small to moderate effects were—despite some uncertainties—consistent for the “unfatigued” and “fatigued” test conditions. The results of this study revealed for the first time that balance training under fatigue results in diminished adaptations, even when tested in a fatigued state. Therefore, the data indicate that balance training should be implemented at the start of a training session or in an unfatigued state.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Injury prevention programs (i.e., balance tasks) are commonly performed in an unfatigued state because fatigue reduces the performance of relevant measures of postural control (7,33). However, one can question the existing practice of prescribing the injury prevention programs at the start of a training session (30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balance Training Under Fatigue: A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Fatigue on Adaptations to Balance Training

Keller,

Lichtenstein,

Roth

et al. 2023

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…Two studies investigated the effect of mental fatigue on steady-state balance in young adults (Deschamps et al, 2013; Fletcher & Osler, 2021). The effect of mental fatigue on proactive (Gebel et al, 2022; Tassignon et al, 2020; Verschueren et al, 2020) and reactive balance control (Lew & Qu, 2014; Morris & Christie, 2020; Qu et al, 2020) in the same population was investigated in three studies each. One study included both steady-state and proactive balance tasks in young adults (Hachard et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study participants were young adults in seven studies (Deschamps et al, 2013; Gebel et al, 2022; Hachard et al, 2020; Lew & Qu, 2014; Qu et al, 2020; Tassignon et al, 2020; Verschueren et al, 2020), while two studies included both young and older adults (Fletcher & Osler, 2021; Morris & Christie, 2020). Older adults were the only participants in the remaining three studies (Boolani et al, 2020; Nikooharf Salehi et al, 2022; Varas-Diaz et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean age of the young and older participants are as follows: (mean age (SD)-Young adults-22.91 (2.33) years; Older adults-67.96 (4.49) years. Mixed-gender participants were included in ten studies (Boolani et al, 2020; Fletcher & Osler, 2021; Gebel et al, 2022; Hachard et al, 2020; Lew & Qu, 2014; Nikooharf Salehi et al, 2022; Qu et al, 2020; Tassignon et al, 2020; Varas-Diaz et al, 2020; Verschueren et al, 2020). The study by Morris and Christie (2020) included only female participants, while only male participants were included by Deschamps and associates (Deschamps et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age and type of task-based impact of mental fatigue on balance: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Salihu,

Hill,

Jaberzadeh

2023

Preprint

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The role of cognition in balance control suggests that mental fatigue may negatively affect balance. However, cognitive involvement in balance control varies with the type or difficulty of the balance task and age. Steady-state balance tasks, such as quiet standing, are well learned tasks executed automatically through reflex activities controlled by the brainstem and spinal cord. In contrast, novel, and challenging balance tasks, such as proactively controlling balance while walking over rugged terrain or reacting to unexpected external perturbations, may require cognitive processing. Furthermore, individuals with pre-existing balance impairments due to aging or pathology may rely on cognitive processes to control balance in most circumstances. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of mental fatigue on different types of balance control tasks in young and older adults. A literature search was conducted in seven electronic databases and 12 studies met eligibility criteria. The results indicated that mental fatigue had a negative impact on both proactive (under increased cognitive load) and reactive balance in young adults. In older adults, mental fatigue affected steady-state and proactive balance. Therefore, mentally fatigued older individuals may be at increased risk of a loss of balance during steady-state balance task compared to their younger counterparts.

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Mental fatigue does not affect static balance under both single and dual task conditions in young adults

et al. 2023

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The ability to control balance and prevent falls while carrying out daily life activities may require a predominantly controlled (cognitive) or automatic processing depending on the balance challenge, age, or other factors. Consequently, this process may be affected by mental fatigue which has been shown to impair cognitive abilities. Controlling static balance in young adults is a relatively easy task that may proceed automatically with minimal cognitive input making it insusceptible to mental fatigue. To investigate this hypothesis, static single and dual task (while concurrently counting backward by seven) balance was assessed in 60 young adults (25.2 ± 2.4 years) before and after 45 min of Stroop task (mental fatigue condition) and watching documentary (control), presented in a randomized counterbalanced order on separate days. Moreover, because mental fatigue can occur due to task underload or overload, participants carried out two different Stroop tasks (i.e., all congruent, and mainly incongruent trials) on separate days in the mental fatigue condition. Results of the study revealed a significantly higher feeling of mental fatigue after the mental fatigue conditions compared to control (p < 0.001). Similarly, the performance on congruent Stroop trials decreases with time indicating objective mental fatigue (p < 0.01). However, there was no difference in balance or concurrent task performance under both single and dual task assessments between the three conditions (p > 0.05) indicating lack of effect of mental fatigue on static balance in this population. Therefore, future studies investigating this phenomenon in occupational or sport settings in similar population should consider using more challenging balance tasks.

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Effects of Physical and Mental Fatigue on Postural Sway and Cortical Activity in Healthy Young Adults

Cited by 11 publications

References 69 publications

Balance Training Under Fatigue: A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Fatigue on Adaptations to Balance Training

Balance Training Under Fatigue: A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Fatigue on Adaptations to Balance Training

Age and type of task-based impact of mental fatigue on balance: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Mental fatigue does not affect static balance under both single and dual task conditions in young adults

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