Effects of physical exercise during pregnancy and protein malnutrition during pregnancy and lactation on the development and growth of the offspring’s femur

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effects of physical training of mother rats during pregnancy associated with a low-protein diet offered during pregnancy and lactation on the development and growth of the femur of their offspring.Methods: Forty 90-day old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: pups of sedentary nourished mothers, pups of sedentary malnourished mothers, pups of trained nourished mothers, and pups of trained malnourished mothers; all groups included 10 rats. Physical training on a treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 weeks before conception and 3 weeks in the gestational period for mother rats of pups of trained nourished mothers and pups of trained malnourished mothers. Induction of low-protein diet to the mother rats during pregnancy and lactation for the groups of pups of sedentary malnourished mothers and trained malnourished mothers. After the pups were sacrificed, on the 90th day of life, we analyzed weight, length, and femoral bone mineral content.Results: Decreased body weight, femur weight, and femur length (p < 0.05) were observed for the groups of pups of sedentary malnourished mothers and trained malnourished mothers in comparison with to the groups of pups of sedentary nourished mothers and trained nourished mothers, respectively. There was no difference in bone mineral content of the femur in either of the groups. Conclusion:Mild physical training on the treadmill during pregnancy does not interfere with bone development and growth of the offspring. However, protein malnutrition during this period and during lactation promotes permanent damage to the bone structure of the offspring. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2010;86(3):233-238:Physical training, protein malnutrition, pregnancy, post-natal, femur. ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do treino físico imposto às ratas mães durante a gestação associado a uma dieta hipoproteica imposta durante os períodos gestacional e de lactação sobre o desenvolvimento e crescimento do fêmur da prole.Métodos: Quarenta ratos machos Wistar, 90 dias de vida, foram divididos em quatro grupos: filhotes de mãe sedentária nutrida, filhotes de mãe sedentária desnutrida, filhotes de mãe treinada nutrida e filhotes de mãe treinada desnutrida, todos com n = 10. Treinamento físico em esteira durante 8 semanas, 5 semanas antes da concepção e 3 no período gestacional para as ratas mães dos grupos filhotes de mães treinada nutrida e treinada desnutrida. Indução da dieta hipoproteica às ratas mães durante a gestação e lactação para os grupos filhotes de mães sedentária desnutrida e treinada desnutrida. Após sacrifício, no 90º dia de vida, analisou-se peso, comprimento e conteúdo mineral ósseo do fêmur dos filhotes.Resultados: Peso corporal, peso femoral e comprimento femoral diminuídos (p < 0,05) para os grupos filhotes de mães sedentária desnutrida e treinada desnutrida em relação aos grupos filhotes de mães sedentária nutrida e treinada nutrida, respectivamente. Não houve diferença no conteúdo mineral ósseo do fêmur em nenhum dos grupos. Conclusão:O treinamento físico leve em...

Maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation affects the development of muscle fibers and neuromuscular junctions in rats

“…The functional redistribution of muscle protein is necessary to supply the nitrogen required for essential functions during the early stages of life, such as blood cell formation, tissue protein synthesis, and immune function. Recent studies have shown that administration of low‐protein diets to rats during pregnancy can cause a reduction in offspring bone size . These findings may explain the reduction in soleus muscle length that was observed in RG animals.…”

[ARTIGO RETRATADO] Exercício e suas interações com vários aspectos da vida do homem e dos animais

“…The first two look at a similar problem from two different angles and arrive at similar conclusions. Monteiro et al 31 evaluated the effects of physical training of mother Wistar rats during pregnancy associated with a low-protein diet offered during pregnancy and lactation on the development and growth of the femur of their offspring. Pups were divided into offspring of sedentary nourished or malnourished mothers, pups of trained nourished or malnourished mothers.…”

“…They conclude that swimming helped the weight of the femur in the saline group but did not alter it between sedentary vs. exercised glutamine rats. We have already reviewed this paper by Monteiro et al 31 who evaluated the effects of physical training of mother Wistar rats during pregnancy associated with a low-protein diet offered during pregnancy and lactation on the development and growth of the femur of their offspring and found thatmild physical training on the treadmill during pregnancy did not interfere with bone development and growth of the offspring.…”

Sex‐specific effects of exercise ancestry on metabolic, morphological and gene expression phenotypes in multiple generations of mouse offspring

“…Likewise, in rodents, varying effects of maternal exercise have been observed. Maternal treadmill running has been linked to smaller litters in some (Treadway et al 1986) though not all (Monteiro et al 2010) studies, but has not been associated with fetal or offspring body mass or length (Treadway et al 1986; Monteiro et al 2010). Also, maternal swimming has been associated with offspring having lower birth weight in one (Pinto & Shetty, 1995) but not all studies (Treadway & Lederman, 1986).…”