Effects of Physical Exercise on Myocardial Telomere-Regulating Proteins, Survival Pathways, and Apoptosis

Abstract

Long- and short-term voluntary physical exercise up-regulates cardiac telomere-stabilizing proteins and thereby induces antisenescent and protective effects, for example, to prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. These beneficial cardiac effects are mediated by TERT, eNOS, and IGF-1.

The Influence of Alcohol Consumption, Cigarette Smoking, and Physical Activity on Leukocyte Telomere Length

“…In addition to promoting increased antioxidant enzyme activity, greater physical activity may indirectly protect rLTL by moderating the effect of psychological stress (59). Notably, both short-and long-term exercise have been shown to elevate telomerase activity (30,31,60).…”

“…Cigarette smoke contains many oxidants and free radicals (26) that can both directly and indirectly cause oxidative damage to DNA (27). Regular physical activity is associated with decreased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation (28,29) as well as increased antioxidant and enzyme activity levels (28,30) and has been shown to regulate telomere-stabilizing proteins (31).…”

The effect of high intensity interval training on telomere length and telomerase activity in non-athlete young men

“…The telomere of smooth muscle cells of the vascular and endothelial cells becomes shorter when exposed to oxidative stress in the medium. Also, the activity of telomerase decreases in response to oxidative stress (15). Although the use of antioxidant 5 supplements has been successful in reducing oxidative stress and improving health, Adjunctive regulation of endogenous antioxidant capacity by regular exercise has led to favorable adaptations in most studies (16).…”

Drugs and lifestyle for the treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease: comparative analysis of the scientific basis

“…The molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise were examined by Werner et al (54) in wild mice and in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)-deficient mice subjected to 21 days of voluntary running. In normal mice, short-term voluntary running up-regulated cardiac telomerase activity, reduced the expression of proapoptotic mediators such as cell-cycle-checkpoint kinase 2, p16 and p53, compared to sedentary controls.…”