Effects of Physical Exercise on Markers of Cellular Immunosenescence: A Systematic Review

Dinh, Hung Cao; Beyer, Ingo; Mets, Tony; Onyema, Oscar Okwudiri; Njemini, Rose; Renmans, Wim; Waele, Marc De; Jochmans, Kristin; Meeren, Sam Vander; Bautmans, Ivan

doi:10.1007/s00223-016-0212-9

Cited by 59 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…While studies in different experimental setups suggested that ET may improve the ability of the immune system to respond to deleterious stimuli, others demonstrated that intense ET may cause transient immune suppression . Several lines of evidence in our study demonstrate that ET modulates PLP‐autoimmunity rather than inducing general immune suppression.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Exercise intensity‐dependent immunomodulatory effects on encephalomyelitis

Fainstein

Tyk

Touloumi

et al. 2019

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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Background Exercise training (ET) has beneficial effects on multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the intensity‐dependent effects of ET on the systemic immune system in EAE remain undefined. Objective (1) To compare the systemic immune modulatory effects of moderate versus high‐intensity ET protocols in protecting against development of EAE; (2) To investigate whether ET affects autoimmunity selectively, or causes general immunosuppression. Methods Healthy mice performed moderate or high‐intensity treadmill running programs. Proteolipid protein (PLP)‐induced transfer EAE was utilized to examine ET effects specifically on the systemic immune system. Lymph node (LN)‐T cells from trained versus sedentary donor mice were transferred to naïve recipients and EAE severity was assessed, by clinical assessment and histopathological analysis. LN‐T cells derived from donor trained versus sedentary PLP‐immunized mice were analyzed in vitro for proliferation assays by flow cytometry analysis and cytokine and chemokine receptor gene expression using real‐time PCR. T cell‐dependent immune responses of trained versus sedentary mice to the nonautoantigen ovalbumin and susceptibility to Escherichia coli‐induced acute peritonitis were examined. Results High‐intensity training in healthy donor mice induced significantly greater inhibition than moderate‐intensity training on proliferation and generation of encephalitogenic T cells in response to PLP‐immunization, and on EAE severity upon their transfer into recipient mice. High‐intensity training also inhibited LN‐T cell proliferation in response to ovalbumin immunization. E. coli bacterial counts and dissemination were not affected by training. Interpretation High‐intensity training induces superior effects in preventing autoimmunity in EAE, but does not alter immune responses to E. coli infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Exercise intensity‐dependent immunomodulatory effects on encephalomyelitis

Fainstein

Tyk

Touloumi

et al. 2019

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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“…13, 35, 36 Increasing leukocytes and NK cell counts have been reported in the blood of athletes during exercise, 37, 38 while a decrease in the numbers of peripheral immune cells – predominately CD4 T cells and NK cells – has been observed during the recovery phase of exercise. 39 Overall, our observations in exercising versus sedentary mice are well in line with these rodent and human data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary distance running prevents TNF-mediated liver injury in mice through alterations of the intrahepatic immune milieu

et al. 2017

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Physical activity confers a broad spectrum of health benefits. Beyond the obvious role in metabolically driven diseases, the role of physical activity in acute liver injury is poorly explored. To study the role of physical activity in acute liver injury, a novel model of voluntary distance running in mice was developed and mice were subjected to acute liver injury induced by N-galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Analyses included histological stains, immunoblotting, qRT-PCR and FACS analysis. Voluntary distance running increased to an average of 10.3 km/day after a learning curve. Running lead to a decrease in the absolute numbers of intrahepatic CD4+ T and B lymphocytes and macrophages after 7 weeks. In parallel, hepatic mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and IL-1beta, TGF-beta and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) were suppressed, while TNF-α was not affected by exercise. Likewise, expression of the macrophage-specific antigen F4/80 was downregulated 1.6-fold from exercise. Notably, acute liver injury from GaIN/LPS was significantly blunted following 7 weeks of voluntary exercise as determined by liver histology, a 84.6% reduction of alanine aminotransferase (P<0.01) and a 54.6% reduction of aspartate aminotransferase (P<0.05) compared with sedentary mice. Additionally, proinflammatory cytokines, activation of caspase 3 and JNK were significantly lower, while antiapoptotic protein A20 increased. Voluntary distance running alters the intrahepatic immune phenotype producing an environment that is less susceptible to acute liver injury.

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“…The available scholarly literature seems to suggest that chronic exercise is a safe mode of intervention to prevent immunosenescence, chronic low-grade inflammation and improve the effectiveness of flu vaccination in elderly populations without harmful side effects ( 22 – 24 ).…”

Section: Physical Activity As a Tool To Counteract Immunosenescencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute exercise impacts on circulation and leaves blood to travel to tissues where they are more likely to encounter infected cells or body cells that have become cancerous. Some studies seem to suggest that the acute effects of exercise (e.g., apoptosis of some cells) can stimulate a mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow and of senescent immune cells from the peripheral tissues to the circulation ( 22 , 52 – 55 ). This could justify and explain why in older subjects, in which these mechanisms are impaired by aging, response to acute exercise is different from younger individuals, as shown by some studies reported in Table 2 .…”

Section: Impact Of Acute Exercise On Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnitude of changes in immune cell levels during acute exercise and if it is dependent on exercise intensity, is still debated ( 22 , 79 – 81 ) and most previous work investigated the effect of exercise on immunity generally in young subjects (20–30 years) while no study or very few investigations focused on the elderly population.…”

Section: Impact Of Acute Exercise On Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Immunological Parameters in the Elderly Aged: Can Physical Activity Counteract the Effects of Aging?

Gasmi²,

et al. 2018

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Immunosenescence is characterized by deterioration of the immune system caused by aging which induces changes to innate and adaptive immunity. Immunosenescence affects function and phenotype of immune cells, such as expression and function of receptors for immune cells which contributes to loss of immune function (chemotaxis, intracellular killing). Moreover, these alterations decrease the response to pathogens, which leads to several age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes in older individuals. Furthermore, increased risk of autoimmune disease and chronic infection is increased with an aging immune system, which is characterized by a pro-inflammatory environment, ultimately leading to accelerated biological aging. During the last century, sedentarism rose dramatically, with a concomitant increase in certain type of cancers (such as breast cancer, colon, or prostate cancer), and autoimmune disease. Numerous studies on physical activity and immunity, with focus on special populations (i.e., people with diabetes, HIV patients) demonstrate that chronic exercise enhances immunity. However, the majority of previous work has focused on either a pathological population or healthy young adults whilst research in elderly populations is scarce. Research conducted to date has primarily focused on aerobic and resistance exercise training and its effect on immunity. This review focuses on the potential for exercise training to affect the aging immune system. The concept is that some lifestyle strategies such as high-intensity exercise training may prevent disease through the attenuation of immunosenescence. In this context, we take a top-down approach and review the effect of exercise and training on immunological parameters in elderly at rest and during exercise in humans, and how they respond to different modes of training. We highlight the impact of these different exercise modes on immunological parameters, such as cytokine and lymphocyte concentration in elderly individuals.

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Effects of Physical Exercise on Markers of Cellular Immunosenescence: A Systematic Review

Cited by 59 publications

References 107 publications

Exercise intensity‐dependent immunomodulatory effects on encephalomyelitis

Exercise intensity‐dependent immunomodulatory effects on encephalomyelitis

Voluntary distance running prevents TNF-mediated liver injury in mice through alterations of the intrahepatic immune milieu

Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Immunological Parameters in the Elderly Aged: Can Physical Activity Counteract the Effects of Aging?

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