Effects of physical training on coronary risk factors

Bonanno, Joseph A.; Lies, James E.

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(74)90218-5

Cited by 94 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our results support previous reports, e.g" of Bonnano and Lies [2], Boyer and Kash [3], and Hanson and Nedde [9], on chronic established hypertension. These authors, studying hypertensive patients, found a de crease in systolic and diastolic pressures at rest and during exercises when training was applied for periods of 3-6 months.…”

Section: Discussion and Commentssupporting

confidence: 93%

Physical Training Program in Arterial Hypertension

Román¹,

Camuzzi²,

Villalón³

et al. 1981

Cardiology

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A long-term training program was performed on 30 chronic hypertensive female patients, stages I-II, WHO criteria. The effect on blood pressure (BP) and other physiological parameters, as exercise BP, heart rate, physical working capacity, VO₂_max, double product, were studied. Four phases were outlined throughout the trial: (1)3 months training at 70% of the maximal heart rate; (2) 3 months without training; (3) 1 year training at the same level as phase I, and (4) 12 or more months with increasing intensity training over 70 % of the maximal heart rate. Serial ergometric work tests were performed every 3 months.We observed a close relationship between physical working capacity and VO₂_max increases with training intensity. Resting BP fell significantly with training (182/114-161/97 mm Hg; p < 0.001) but increased again when training was discontinued (161/97-179/115 mm Hg; p < 0.001). BP persisted low throughout the trial, but there was a tendency to a further but not significant decrease when training intensity was raised over 70% of the maximal heart rate. Both the submaximal and maximal exercise BP showed similar changes to those found in the resting BP throughout the trial. The submaximal heart rate and the double product (BP X heart rate) also fell significantly with training but with maximal values not changing significantly throughout the whole follow-up period.

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Section: Discussion and Commentssupporting

confidence: 93%

Physical Training Program in Arterial Hypertension

Román¹,

Camuzzi²,

Villalón³

et al. 1981

Cardiology

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“…During this period a slight but not statistically significant decrease in blood pressure was observed in both groups (see Figure 2), which appears to coincide with the reduced blood pressure in the control group in other reports. 3 ' '*• 19 During the subsequent 10 weeks, blood pressure in the nonexercised group was unchanged. In the exercised group, blood pressure after the institution of exercise decreased still further to a significant level, and the depressor change was significant compared with that in the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Antihypertensive and volume-depleting effects of mild exercise on essential hypertension.

Urata¹,

Tanabe²,

Kiyonaga³

et al. 1987

Hypertension

164

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HIDENORI URATA, YOICHI TANABE, AKIRA KJYONAGA, MASAHARU IKEDA, HIROAKI TANAKA, MUNEH1RO SHINDO, AND KLKUO ARAKAWA SUMMARY After a general clinical observation period of over 4 weeks, 20 essential hypertensive subjects (Japanese) were randomly divided into two groups. One group (n = 10; 4 men and 6 women; 51.4 ± 2.8 years of age) agreed to physical training using bicycle ergometer exercise with the intensity at blood lactate threshold for 60 minutes three times a week for 10 weeks, while the other group (n = 10; 4 men and 6 women; 51.0 ± 2.9 years of age) did no particular physical training and was followed once a week as the control. Changes in blood pressure, hemodynamics, and humoral factors of the exercised group were compared with values in the controls. The following significant changes were found only in the exercised group. Blood pressure was significantly (p<0.01) reduced. Whole blood and plasma volume indices were significantly reduced (p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively). The change in ratio of serum sodium to potassium positively correlated with the change in systolic blood pressure (r = 0.76, p<0.02). Plasma norepinephrine concentrations both at rest and at the workload of blood lactate threshold during graded exercise tests were significantly reduced (p<0.05, p<0.02 respectively) after 10 weeks of exercise training. The change in the resting level of plasma norepinephrine positively correlated with that in the mean blood pressure. No such changes were observed in the control group. In both groups, body weight and urinary sodium excretion showed no statistically significant changes. In conclusion, the antihypertensive effect of mild exercise training was confirmed in a well-matched, controlled study, and reduction in blood volume and plasma norepinephrine concentrations had an apparent association. (Hypertension 9: 245-252, 1987) KEY WORDS • blood pressure • training • electrolytes • catecholamines • lactate D ESPITE widespread interest in nonpharmaco logical therapy for hypertension, physical exercise has not gained acceptance for its antihypertensive effectiveness and mechanisms. 12 This may be attributed to the fact that there has been no well-controlled study of factors such as age, sex, race, number, and life-style in matched hypertensive control subjects. Even when positive effects 1 " 8 were obtained, the related mechanisms remained unclear. Supported in part by giants-in-aid from the Japanese Ministries of Education, Science, and Culture (B-58480246), Health and Welfare (60A-6), Uehara Memorial Foundation, and from the Fukuoka University Research Institute.Address for reprints: Kikuo Arakawa, M.D., The Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Fukuoka, Japan 814-01.Received February 4, 1986; accepted October 31, 1986. We reported the antihypertensive effect of exercise training with the workload at blood lactate threshold and noted a significant reduction of plasma catecholamine concentration and an elevation of plasma prostaglandin E concentration. 9 ' l0 In addit...

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“…Additionally, of the 30 studies, only nine were randomized controlled studies using hypertensive controls. 10,12,17,19,21,22,[29][30][31] None compared exercise to a credible alternative treatment or attention/placebo. Furthermore, in two of these controlled studies,12,17 the untreated hypertensive controls exhibited significant average reductions in BP (mainly DBP) similar to their exercised counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled trial of aerobic exercise in hypertension.

1990

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To determine the antihypertensive efficacy of aerobic exercise training in mild essential hypertension, a prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing an aerobic exercise regimen to a placebo exercise regimen, with a crossover replication of the aerobic regimen in the placebo exercise group. The study took place in an outpatient research clinic in a university-affiliated Veterans Administration medical center. Twenty-seven men with untreated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90-104 mm Hg were randomized to the two exercise regimens. Ten patients completed the aerobic regimen. Nine patients completed the control regimen, seven of whom subsequently entered and completed the aerobic regimen. The aerobic regimen consisted of walking, jogging, stationary bicycling, or any combination of these activities for 30 minutes, four times a week, at 65-80% maximal heart rate. The control regimen consisted of slow calisthenics and stretching for the same duration and frequency but maintaining less than 601% maximal heart rate. DBP decreased 9.6+±4.7 mm Hg in the aerobic exercise group but increased 0.8±+6.2 mm Hg in the placebo control exercise group (p=0.02). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased 6.4±9.1 mm Hg in the aerobic group and increased 0.9±9.7 mm Hg in the control group (p =0.11). Subsequently, seven of the nine controls entered a treatment crossover and completed the aerobic regimen with significant reductions in both DBP (-6.1+3.2 mm Hg, p<0.01) and SBP (-8.1±5.7 mm Hg, p<0.01). BP changes were not associated with any significant changes in weight, body fat, urinary electrolytes, or resting heart rate. This randomized controlled trial provides evidence for the independent BP lowering effect of aerobic exercise in unmedicated mildly hypertensive men. (Circulation 1990;81:1560-1567 L evels of physical activity and fitness have often been found to be inversely related to the incidence and severity of hypertension in epidemiological surveys.

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Effects of physical training on coronary risk factors

Cited by 94 publications

References 15 publications

Physical Training Program in Arterial Hypertension

Physical Training Program in Arterial Hypertension

Antihypertensive and volume-depleting effects of mild exercise on essential hypertension.

Controlled trial of aerobic exercise in hypertension.

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