Effects of Physical Training on the Myocardium of Female LDL Knockout Ovariectomized Mice

Abstract

Introduction: The emergence of coronary heart disease increases with menopause, physical inactivity and with dyslipidemia. It is known that physical training promotes the improvement of cardiovascular functions. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic physical training on the left ventricle in female LDL knockout ovariectomized mice. Methods: Thirty animals were divided into 6 groups (n=5), namely, sedentary non-ovariectomized control; sedentary ovariectomized control; trained ovariectomized control; sedentary non-ovariectomized; sedentary ovariectomized; and trained ovariectomized. We analyzed the mean nuclear volume parameters, the cross sectional area of the myocytes, the apparent density of the capillaries, interstitium, myocytes and collagen fibers. Results: The results show that for the density of the number of nuclei, the physical activity decreased to values close to the ovariectomized control group. Regarding the mean nuclear volume and the average area of myocytes, training and ovariectomy promoted the elevation of these values but hypercholesterolemia was lower. the volume density of myocytes, hypercholesterolemia showed an increase of these values as well as the training. There was no change in the volumetric density of the capillaries and the density of collagen fibers. The training caused the decrease in the density of the interstitial volume, and the hypercholesterolemia changed to a smaller one than the control group. Conclusion: We concluded that the moderate aerobic activity or the training time used in our study were not sufficient to generate significant alterations in the hypercholesterolemic group.

Aerobic Exercise Modulates Visceral Adipose Tissue of Estrogen Deprived Rats in an Experimental Model of Dyslipidemia

“…4 9 However, physical exercise allows a decrease in the levels of fat stored in the VAT, thus the adipocytes decrease in size. 1 20 21 Rodrigues et al 22 working with Sprague–Dawley females showed that ovariectomy increased adipocyte hypertrophy and that training decreased the area of fat cells.…”

“…4,9 However, physical exercise allows a decrease in the levels of fat stored in the VAT, thus the adipocytes decrease in size. 1,20,21 Rodrigues et al 22 working with Sprague-Dawley females showed that ovariectomy increased adipocyte hypertrophy and that training decreased the area of fat cells. It is known that adipose tissue has high plasticity and maintains its ability to expand throughout the life of animals through hypertrophy and hyperplasia.…”

“…[1][2][3] Thus, weight gain associated with climacteric leads to obesity and related diseases such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. 1,3 Lipid storage is possible due to the increase in number (hyperplasia) and size (hypertrophy) of VAT adipocytes. 4 In obese individuals, the VAT storage capacity is exceeded, and the lipids are deposited in other organs (e.g., liver, heart, pancreas, and kidneys), which can be damaged in a process named lipotoxicity.…”

“…Aerobic exercise is recommended in a nonpharmacological fashion for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with weight gain (e.g., dyslipidemia). 1,[10][11][12] However, a few studies evaluated the direct effects of aerobic exercise in adipose tissue when associated with estrogen deprivation and dyslipidemia.…”

The Effects of Aging on the Femoral Bone Mass, Bone Stiffness and Maximum Resistance Strength - Assessed in a Rat Model

“…10,11 Such data are important for studies of the response of the bone experimental stimuli in aged rats, to distinguish the response to the stimuli from accompanying age-related changes. 12 Morphometry is a method of quantitative morphology that allows accurate determination of changes in different tissues with increasing age 7,[13][14][15][16][17][18] . The purpose of the present work was to investigate the bone density, maximum resistance force, and bone stiffness of the rat femur, as a function of growing and aging.…”