Effects of Pictorial Warning Labels for Cigarettes and Quit-Efficacy on Emotional Responses, Smoking Satisfaction, and Cigarette Consumption

Romer, Dan; Ferguson, Stuart G.; Strasser, Andrew A.; Evans, Abigail T.; Tompkins, Mary Kate; Macisco, Joseph; Fardal, Michael; Tusler, Martin; Peters, Ellen

doi:10.1007/s12160-017-9916-y

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The effect size of warning labels overall on SSB selection is similar to that obtained in the previous research based on which this study was powered ( Roberto et al, 2016 ). Research on the use of warning labels on tobacco products suggests that the most effective labels are those which include images that elicit a strong negative emotional response ( Hammond et al, 2006 ; Hammond et al, 2004 ; Evans et al, 2015 ; Romer et al, 2017 ; Hammond et al, 2007 ; Magnan and Cameron, 2015 ; Hall et al, 2017 ; Cho et al, 2017 ; Nonnemaker et al, 2014 ). Consistent with this, in the present study, the disease image label, was more effective than the sugar content image label at reducing SSB selection, an effect mediated by elicitation of higher levels of negative emotional arousal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence for the impact of warning labels comes from their use on tobacco products, which suggests that both text- and image-based warnings can affect a range of effectiveness outcomes, including cessation-related behaviours ( Hammond et al, 2006 ; Borland and Hill, 1997 ; Borland, 1997 ; Hammond et al, 2004 ; Hammond et al, 2003 ; Ngo et al, 2018 ). Image-based labels appear to exert greater effects ( Brewer et al, 2016 ; Noar et al, 2017 ; Noar et al, 2016 ; Noar et al, 2015 ; Evans et al, 2015 ; Romer et al, 2017 ; Evans et al, 2018 ), being more noticeable and eliciting greater negative emotional reactions than text-only labels ( Evans et al, 2015 ; Romer et al, 2017 ; Hammond et al, 2007 ; Magnan and Cameron, 2015 ; Hall et al, 2017 ). Indeed, the most effective labels are those which include images that elicit a strong negative emotional response ( Hammond et al, 2006 ; Hammond et al, 2004 ; Hammond et al, 2003 ; Cho et al, 2017 ; Nonnemaker et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Impact of warning labels on sugar-sweetened beverages on parental selection: An online experimental study

Mantzari

Vasiljevic

Turney

et al. 2018

Preventive Medicine Reports

109

105

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Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are one of the largest added sugar sources to diets in the UK and USA, particularly among young people. Warning labels, including calorie information labels, could reduce SSB consumption but uncertainty surrounds the labels that are most effective. This study assessed the impact of labels containing (a) each of two image-based warnings and (b) calorie information, singly and together, on SSB selection by parents of 11–16-year-olds living in the UK. Using a 3 (disease image, sugar content image, no image) × 2 (calorie information, no calorie information) between-subjects experimental design, 2002 participants were randomised to see beverages with one of six labels and selected one for their child to consume. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants selecting an SSB. Data were collected in December 2017. Logistic regressions showed SSB selection was lower when labels contained an image-based warning (35%), compared to not having any label (49%) or just calorie information (43.5%). The disease image lowered selection more than the sugar image (32% vs 40.5%). Providing calorie information with the disease image had no additional impact on selection (33%) but enhanced the impact of the sugar image (36%). Image-based warning labels discourage SSB selection by parents for their children. Images depicting health consequences of excess sugar consumption have larger effects than those depicting sugar content. Calorie information does not add to the effect of the former but does to that of the latter. Field studies are needed to assess the impact of SSB warning labels in real-life settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Impact of warning labels on sugar-sweetened beverages on parental selection: An online experimental study

Mantzari

Vasiljevic

Turney

et al. 2018

Preventive Medicine Reports

109

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the size manipulation moderated the association between risk-related thoughts and intentions, we found no main effects of our experimental conditions on risk beliefs. Some evidence suggests that pictorial HWLs exert their impact, at least in the short-term, by provoking an emotional response (Brewer et al, 2018;Emery, Romer, Sheerin, Jamieson, & Peters, 2014;Evans et al, 2015;Hall et al, 2017;Romer et al, 2018). Although observational studies tend to find increases in risk acceptance after the implementation of enlarged, pictorial HWLs (Borland & Hill, 1997;Thrasher, Pérez-Hernández, Arillo-Santillán, & Barrientos-Gutiérrez, 2012;White, Webster, & Wakefield, 2008), randomized experiments often fail to find evidence of such an effect (Evans et al, 2015;Hall et al, 2017;Skurka et al, 2017;Wakefield et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent or synergistic? Effects of varying size and using pictorial images in tobacco health warning labels

Skurka

Kalaji

Dorf

et al. 2019

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Introduction: Legal challenges have blocked the implementation of large, pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) in the U.S. In light of future legal questions the U.S. Food and Drug Administration may face in proposing alternative HWLs, we examined whether less restrictive HWL versions on the front of packs-smaller HWLs and/or text-only HWLs that do not include pictorial imagery-may be sufficient to promote cognitive and affective outcomes associated with smoking cessation. Methods: We recruited low-income smokers in two separate experiments through field-based recruitment methods (Study 1, N=497) or Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) (Study 2, N=495). In both studies, we randomly assigned participants to a no-HWL control condition or one of four HWL conditions in a 2 (pictorial vs. text-only) × 2 (50% vs. 30% size) between-subjects design. Results: Relative to text-only HWLs, pictorial HWLs increased negative affect but not risk belief acceptance, cognitive elaboration about smoking harms, or quit intentions. The 50% HWL increased quit intentions relative to the control condition in both studies. The 50% HWL also outperformed the 30% HWL in promoting quit intentions in Study 2. Subsequent analyses revealed that this effect in Study 2 may have been driven by the 50% HWL strengthening the relationship between risk-related thoughts and intentions, although there was no evidence for this corresponding,

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“…44 Negative emotions have been shown to mediate perceived risk, desire to smoke and quit intention responses to GWLs, 36,37 and have predicted reduced smoking satisfaction and lower cigarette consumption. 45…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Graphic Warning Label Ratings by Addictions Clients

Campbell¹,

Le²,

Yip³

et al. 2019

tobacco reg sci

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Objectives: Research on sex differences in responses to cigarette graphic warning labels (GWLs) has been limited despite tobacco-related, health disparities for women. We examined whether women had stronger responses to certain labels than to others, whether this pattern differed from men’s, and whether there were overall sex ratings differences. Methods: Smokers (N = 881) in 24, addictions treatment programs rated 3 of 9 Food and Drug Administration-developed labels on credibility, message reactance, quit motivation, and negative emotions. Participants rated one label depicting a woman and/or baby, and 2 depicting tobacco-related disease or male images. Results: Women’s (n = 432) ratings of labels depicting women/babies versus other labels did not differ from men’s (n = 449) ratings. Women had higher ratings than men across all labels combined on credibility (p < .001), quit motivation (p = .007), and negative emotions (p < .001). Individual labels were analyzed for sex differences. Women’s ratings were higher on credibility for 3 of 9 labels, and on negative emotions for 7 of 9 labels. Conclusions: Female smokers in addictions treatment had generally stronger responses to GWLs than men, supporting GWL implementation in the United States to help close the sex gap in smoking cessation.

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Effects of Pictorial Warning Labels for Cigarettes and Quit-Efficacy on Emotional Responses, Smoking Satisfaction, and Cigarette Consumption

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Impact of warning labels on sugar-sweetened beverages on parental selection: An online experimental study

Impact of warning labels on sugar-sweetened beverages on parental selection: An online experimental study

Independent or synergistic? Effects of varying size and using pictorial images in tobacco health warning labels

Sex Differences in Graphic Warning Label Ratings by Addictions Clients

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