Effects of Pig Manure and Corn Straw Generated Biogas and Methane Enriched Biogas on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Dual Fuel Diesel Engines

Ahmed, Salman Abdu; Zhou, Song; Zhu, Yuanqing; Tsegay, Asfaw Solomon; Feng, Yoming; Ahmad, Naseem; Malik, Afia

doi:10.3390/en13040889

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The adaptation of IC engines to combustion of gaseous fuels may become a contemporary scientific trend as to the use of biogas [90][91][92]. Biogas obtained from the decomposition of, e.g., sewage [93], organic municipal waste [94,95], animal faeces [96], agricultural and food industry waste [97,98] and plant materials [96,97,99], can be used by plants processing these materials to propel their machinery and equipment [100,101]. Biogas is a mixture of gases characterized by a varied composition, but it can be purified to bio-methane and then meet the quality standards of natural gas [102].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Fuel Systems in Small Engine Wood Chippers on Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption

et al. 2020

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The projected increase in the availability of gaseous fuels by growing popularity of household natural gas (NG) filling stations and the increase in the production of gaseous biogas-derived fuels is conducive to an increase in the use of NG fuel. Currently, natural gas in various forms (compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG)) is popular in maritime, rail and road transport. A new direction of natural gas application may be non-road mobile machines powered by a small spark-ignition engine (SI). The use of these engines in the wood chippers can cause the reduction of machine costs and emissions of harmful exhaust gases. In addition, plant material chippers intended for composting in bio-gas plants can be driven by the gas they are used to produce. The biogas can be purified to bio-methane to meet natural gas quality standards. The article presents the design of the natural gas supply system, which is an upgrade of the Lifan GX 390 combustion engine spark ignition engine (Four-stroke, OHV (over head valve) with a maximum power of 9.56 kW), which is a common representative of small gasoline engines. The engine is mounted in a cylindrical chipper designed for shredding branches with a maximum diameter of up to 100 mm, which is a typical machine used for cleaning work in urban areas. The engine powered by CNG and traditionally gasoline has been tested in real working conditions, when shredding cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Beitr. Naturk. 4:17. 1789 (Gartenkalender4:189–204. 1784)). Their diameter was ca. 80 mm, 3-metere-long, and humidity content ca. 25%. The systems were tested under the same actual operating conditions, the average power generated by the drives during shredding is about 0.69 kW. Based on the recorded results, it was found that the CNG-fuelled engine was characterized by nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions higher by 45%. The other effects of CNG were a reduction in carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of about 81%, 26% and 57%, respectively. Additionally, the use of CNG reduced fuel consumption by 31% and hourly estimated machine operating costs resulting from fuel costs by 53% (for average fuel price in Poland: gasoline: 0.99 EUR/L and CNG: 0.71 EUR/m3 on 08 November 2020). The modernization performed by the authors ensured the work of the drive unit during shredding, closer to the value of stoichiometric mixtures. The average (AVG) value of the air fuel ratio (AFR) for CNG was enriched by 1.2% (AVG AFR was 17), while for the gasoline engine the mixture was more enriched by 4.8% (AVG AFR was 14). The operation of spark-ignition (SI) combustion engines is most advantageous when burning stoichiometric mixtures due to the cooperation with exhaust aftertreatment systems (e.g., three-function catalytic converter). A system powered by CNG may be beneficial in systems adapting to operating conditions, used in low-power shredding machines, whose problem is increased HC emissions, and CNG combustion may reduce them. The developed system does not exceed the emission standards applicable in the European Union. For CO emissions expressed in g/kWh, it was about 95% lower than the permissible value, and HC + NOx emissions were 85% lower. This suggests that the use of the fuel in question may contribute to tightening up the permissible emission regulations for non-road machinery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Fuel Systems in Small Engine Wood Chippers on Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption

et al. 2020

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“…For this reason, its effective passage area must be small enough, and this feature is called permeability. The turbine discharge pressure is obtained from summing up the reference pressure of the inlet gas mixture to the compressor (p 0 ) and the outlet back-pressure of exhaust gases (p bp ), see Equation (36). Equation (37) represents the turbine expansion ratio (r expansion ):…”

Section: Turbochargingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be attained when biogas is used as fuel due to its good detonation resistance [35]. The use of biogas using a dual-fuel turbocharged engine was evaluated by Ahmed et al [36]. These authors concluded that the presence of biogas did not adversely affect brake thermal efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Balance of Turbocharged Engines Operating in a WWTP with Thermal Hydrolysis. Co-Digestion Provides the Full Plant Energy Demand

et al. 2021

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The energy balance of lean-burn turbocharged engines using biogas as fuel is reported. Digestion data were obtained from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the city of Burgos (Spain), operating with a thermal hydrolysis unit for sludge pre-treatment. Operational performance of the plant was studied by considering the treatment of sludge as a comparative base for analyzing global plant performance if co-digestion is implemented for increasing biogas production. The calculation methodology was based on equations derived from the engine efficiency parameters provided by the manufacturer. Results from real data engine performance when evaluated in isolation as a unique control volume, reported an electrical efficiency of 38.2% and a thermal efficiency of 49.8% leading to a global efficiency of 88% at the operating point. The gross electrical power generated amounted to 1039 kW, which translates into 9102 MWh/year, with an economic value of 837,384 €/year which was completely consumed at the plant. It also represents 55.1% of self-consumption regarding the total electricity demand of the plant. The analysis of the system considering the use of the total installed capacity by adding a co-substrate, such as cheese whey or microalgae, reveals that total electrical self-consumption is attained when the co-substrate is directly fed into the digester (cheese whey case), obtaining 16,517 MWh/year equivalent to 1,519,160 €/year. The application of thermal hydrolysis as pre-treatment to the co-substrate (microalgae case study) leads to lower electricity production, but still attains a better performance than a mono-digestion baseline scenario.

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“…The results show a remarkable increase in maximum performance parameters with increased engine speed and equivalence ratio. Salman Abdu et al [10] have shown using GT-Power software that the use of the dual-fuel mode is important for reducing emissions and improving the performance of the turbocharged direct injection diesel engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Heat Transfer Study in the Diesel Engine Combustion Chamber Using a Two-Zone Combustion Model

Menacer¹,

Naima²,

Bouchetara³

et al. 2020

MMEP

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The study of heat transfer phenomena in diesel engines is a very complex task considering the number of engine components such as intake and exhaust manifolds, lubricant oil and coolant subsystems, the different heat transfer mechanisms (conduction, convection, and radiation). This paper presents simulation results using a dual-zone model associated to GT-Suite simulation software for the calculation of convective heat transfer from gas to the cylinder wall, radiation heat transfer, gas pressure and temperature for low, partial and full load engine as a function of crank angle for a single-cylinder diesel engine. In this present article, a numerical simulation model was created to foresee the main combustion characteristics, and the simulated results were approved through the reference experiment data. Simulation results showed that any increase in the mass of fuel injected into the combustion chamber would generate a significant increase in the level of pressure and temperature of the combustion gases in the cylinder. This means that despite the improved power performance, excessive fuel consumption would have a negative effect on the thermal behavior and consequently on the life of the engine. The essential objective of any combustion engine development is to reduce fuel consumption while maintaining or improving the engine's power output.

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Effects of Pig Manure and Corn Straw Generated Biogas and Methane Enriched Biogas on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Dual Fuel Diesel Engines

Cited by 15 publications

References 52 publications

Impact of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Fuel Systems in Small Engine Wood Chippers on Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption

Impact of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Fuel Systems in Small Engine Wood Chippers on Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption

Energy Balance of Turbocharged Engines Operating in a WWTP with Thermal Hydrolysis. Co-Digestion Provides the Full Plant Energy Demand

The Heat Transfer Study in the Diesel Engine Combustion Chamber Using a Two-Zone Combustion Model

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