Effects of pistachio by‐products in replacement of alfalfa hay on populations of rumen bacteria involved in biohydrogenation and fermentative parameters in the rumen of sheep

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sundried pistachio by-products (PBP) as a replacement of alfalfa hay (AH) on blood metabolites, rumen fermentation and populations of rumen bacteria involved in biohydrogenation (BH) in Baluchi sheep. Four adult male Baluchi sheep (41 ± 1.3 kg, BW) fitted with ruminal cannulae were randomly assigned to four experimental diets in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The dietary treatments were as follows: (i) control, (ii) 12% PBP (0.33 of AH in basal diet replaced by PBP), (iii) 24% PBP (0.66 of AH in basal diet replaced by PBP) and (iv) 36% PBP (all of AH in basal diet replaced by PBP). The basal diet was 360 g/kg dry matter (DM) alfalfa hay, 160 g/kg DM wheat straw and 480 g/kg DM concentrate. The trial consisted of four periods, each composed of 16 days adaptation and 4 days data collection including measurement of blood metabolites, rumen fermentation and population of bacteria. No differences were observed in rumen pH among the treatments, while rumen ammonia-N concentrations were decreased (p< 0.05) with increasing PBP by up to 36% DM of the diets. Using of 36% PBP in the diet reduced (p < 0.05) total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations and the molar proportion of acetate, while the concentration of propionate, butyrate and acetate to propionate ratio were similar to all other treatments. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased (p < 0.01) with increasing PBP by up to 36% DM in the diets of sheep. However, other blood metabolites were not affected by the experimental diets. It was concluded that PBP in replacement of AH had no effects on the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus in relation to the control diet.

Can Agro-Industrial By-Products Rich in Polyphenols be Advantageously Used in the Feeding and Nutrition of Dairy Small Ruminants?

“…In particular, a negative relationship has been observed between the amount of total phenols contained in BPRP (expressed in g/kg DM) and DMI (expressed in kg/d) only in sheep (y = 22.872x + 47.765; R 2 = 0.8118) [16,[88][89][90][91], as reported in Figure 2. In contrast, in goats, this association was not observed (y = −1.2727x + 18.586 R 2 = 0.0003; Figure 2) [40,[92][93][94]. Probably, considering their different feeding behaviors (goats are intermediate feeders and ewes are grazers) [95], goats developed more strategies against these types of feeds rich in polyphenols (e.g., the presence of proline-rich proteins in the saliva [96] and a higher capacity of the saliva to bind tannins [97][98][99][100], which can help this species better control the toxicity of tannins than grazers [101].…”

Assessment of Rumen Microbiota from a Large Dairy Cattle Cohort Reveals the Pan and Core Bacteriomes Contributing to Varied Phenotypes

“…Recent molecularly based microbial identifications have advanced our understanding of the composition and function of rumen microbiota. Many efforts have been made to survey rumen microbiota, revealing that numerous factors can affect the rumen microbial composition, with diet being the main driving force for the microbial compositional shift (9). In addition, multiple studies have reported the "core rumen microbiota" in beef cattle (6,10) and dairy cows (11,12), as well as that among all ruminants (13).…”

PISTACHIO (Pistacia vera) BY-PRODUCTS AS RUMINANT FEED: A REVIEW ON PRODUCTION, MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID AREAS IN THE MIDDLE EAST

“…Use of dry PH up to 36% in sheep ration did not affect the relative abundance of rumen bacteria involved in biohydrogenation (Ghaffari et al, 2014a). Further, Sedighi-Vesagh et al, (2015) indicated that to an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids content in milk fat of goats as a result of inclusion of dry PBM at level of 32% of total dietary DM and he related that to a modifications in biohydrogenation of fatty acids in the rumen.…”

“…It has been reported that the use of dry PH 36% -50% (Ghasemi et al, 2012b;Ghaffari et al, 2014a) in sheep rations decreased the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the rumen. Dry PBM replaced alfalfa hay (30% of the dietary DM) in the diet of dairy goats without any effects on the profile of volatile fatty acids (Ghaffari et al, 2014b).…”

“…did not detect any adverse effect of PH up to 30% in the ration of lambs on general health and hematology during a trial of 90 days. The use of PH in the diet of sheep can decreased blood urea-N concentration up to 36% without affecting other blood metabolites (Ghaffari et al, 2014a). Mahdavi et al (2010) used PH up to 35% in the ration of growing lambs over 90 days without negative effects on liver and kidney histology.…”