Effects of plant population density and rectangularity on the growth and yield of poppies (<i>Papaver somniferum</i>)

Chung, B.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600075183

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the north Indian plains it has been recommended that A. annua should be cultivated at a high plant density of about 22 plants/m 2 (Ram et al, 1997). The effect of variation in rectangularity (the ratio of inter-to intra-plant spacing) at constant plant population density (Chung, 1990) has not been studied with A. annua and may also be worth investigating. Considering the current lack of affordable seeds of high-artemisinin hybrids, it seems practical not to surpass 10 -12 plants/m 2 , which can produce 90% of maximum yields and make rational use of the cultivated area and applied resources.…”

Section: Crop Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation and genetics ofArtemisia annuaL. for increased production of the antimalarial artemisinin

Ferreira¹,

Laughlin²,

Delabays

et al. 2005

Plant Genet. Resour.

111

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Malaria has been treated for over 350 years with quinine and quinine-derived drugs. However, in several areas of the world, some strains of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum have developed resistance against these drugs. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the use of artemisinin-combination treatments (ACT) as the first-line treatment for multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. The WHO estimates that current supplies of artemisinin are sufficient for only 30 million ACT, and is foreseeing the need for 130-220 million ACT in 2005 (WHO, 2004. Current research on the production of synthetic artemisinin-like compounds by the Roll Back Malaria project, pharmaceutical companies and academia resulted in a promising synthetic artemisinin-like compound (OZ277) which is currently undergoing phase I clinical trials. In about 5 years this drug is expected to be approved and made available to the public, however, meeting current global demands for ACT depends on the immediate availability of affordable artemisinin-derived drugs. This will involve expansion of the area under cultivation of Artemisia annua and improved methods of cultivation and processing of raw material, associated with more efficient methods for extraction and purification of artemisinin from plant material. This review addresses the agricultural, environmental and genetic aspects that may be useful in the successful large-scale cultivation of A. annua and for producing the antimalarial artemisinin in areas where it is urgently needed today. It also includes geographic aspects (latitude and altitude), which will help make decisions about crop establishment in tropical countries, and includes a list of Good Agricultural and Collection Practices for A. annua.

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Section: Crop Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation and genetics ofArtemisia annuaL. for increased production of the antimalarial artemisinin

Ferreira¹,

Laughlin²,

Delabays

et al. 2005

Plant Genet. Resour.

111

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“…However, either a too high or a too low plant density can reduce yield. From a field trial in Tasmania comparing plant densities from 10-200 poppy plants m −2 , the optimum plant density was reported with 70 plants m −2 [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and Yield Components of Winter Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Are Affected by Sowing Date and Sowing Rate under Pannonian Climate Conditions

Neugschwandtner

Dobos²,

Wagentristl

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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Poppy cultivation has a long tradition in Central Europe. Growing winter poppy instead of the commonly grown spring poppy might increase seed yield, especially in the face of changing climatic conditions. However, knowledge regarding optimum sowing date and optimum sowing rate for winter poppy under Pannonian climate conditions in Central Europe is missing. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was performed in Eastern Austria with four sowing dates ranging from early September to mid/end of October and two sowing rates with 50 or 100 mg seeds m−2. Seed yields were considerably higher than values reported for spring poppy throughout all sowing dates, mainly due to a higher number of seeds capsule−1 and, thereby, a higher seed yield capsule−1. The highest seed yields were obtained by sowing in early October, while the earliest and especially the latest sowing date resulted in lower seed yields. Consequently, the optimum sowing date for winter poppy under Pannonian climate conditions in Central Europe is early October but sowing can be performed over a wider range of dates. No seed yield differences were observed between sowing rates. Consequently, the sowing rate can be much lower than the recommended sowing rate for spring poppy.

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“…Treatments plots were hand-thinned to densities of 4, 12, 25, 50, and 100 plants/m 2 . Since there is a tendency in field crops for a square planting layout to be the highest yielding plant spacing geometry (Chung, 1990;Frappell, 1973;Jaaffar and Gardner, 1988;Wells, 1991), plants were thinned to a square spacing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Holliday (1960) suggests that vegetative yield conforms to the asymptotic relationship and reproductive yield to the parabolic curve but this is not true in all cases. For instance, in poppies the relationship is asymptotic for both the yield of total dry matter (vegetative) and for total head or capsule yield (reproductive) (Chung, 1990), except where they lodge at high planting density.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optimum Stand Density for Maximum Essential Oil Yield in Commercial Fennel Crops

Falzari¹,

Menary²,

Dragar³

2006

HortSci

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Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is grown commercially in Tasmania for the production of a steam-distilled essential oil, which is high in trans-anethole. Often, only the generative canopy is harvested since this contains the bulk of the oil and further this oil is higher in anethole than oil from other parts of the plant. Regardless of whether the whole crop is forage harvested or the generative canopy alone is removed using a combine-harvester, the most efficient oil production occurs when the greatest proportion of the canopy is generative, giving maximum oil yield from a minimum of fresh weight to be processed. A trial was conducted to examine the relationship between stand density and the various yield components of fennel in order to predict the likely effect on yield of increasing stem density as the short term perennial crop matures. As for most crops, planting density and biomass yield are closely related and the optimum planting density was predicted using a mathematical model. The results suggest that an initial stand density of 10 to 12 plants/m2, in a square layout, would produce the greatest yield of essential oil per unit area by maximising the production of the generative canopy. This density also maximises the yield of oil relative to the weight of material to be distilled.

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Effects of plant population density and rectangularity on the growth and yield of poppies (Papaver somniferum)

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Cultivation and genetics ofArtemisia annuaL. for increased production of the antimalarial artemisinin

Cultivation and genetics ofArtemisia annuaL. for increased production of the antimalarial artemisinin

Yield and Yield Components of Winter Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Are Affected by Sowing Date and Sowing Rate under Pannonian Climate Conditions

Optimum Stand Density for Maximum Essential Oil Yield in Commercial Fennel Crops

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