Effects of ploidy and gear on the performance of cultured oysters, Crassostrea virginica: Survival, growth, shape, condition index and Vibrio abundances

Walton, William C.; Rikard, F. Scott; Chaplin, Glen; Davis, Julie; Arias, Cova R.; Supan, John

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.07.032

Cited by 62 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although physiological studies suggest that larger oysters are better suited to survive anoxic conditions due to larger capacity for carbohydrate storage, which is catabolized in anaerobic pathways (de Zwaan & Wijsman 1976), we detected no effects of oyster size on survival in either triploid or diploid trials. Overall, both diploid and triploid oysters were tolerant to partial burial and responded similarly to burial regardless of ploidy, which reaffirms the findings of a previous study on the lack of an effect of ploidy on oyster survival (Walton et al 2013).…”

Section: Lethal Effectssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Maximum growth rates were in the 110% burial treatment (0.32 ± 0.05 mm d ) for both diploid and triploid C. virginica (Harding 2007, Kraeuter et al 2007, Dégremont et al 2012, Walton et al 2013. Growth rates for the 0 and 50% burial treatments (0.12−0.16 mm d −1 ) agreed well with published estimates.…”

Section: Sublethal Effectssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Our results indicated no significant difference between triploid and diploid oysters with respect to survival. This may suggest that diploid oysters would respond similarly in sublethal effects, but previous studies indicate triploid oysters grow faster and have higher condition indices than diploid oysters under field conditions (Walton et al 2013). Thus, our shell growth rates and condition indices are likely to overestimate those of diploid oysters (Walton et al 2013), but we expect the observed trends to hold.…”

Section: Sublethal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Lethal and sublethal effects of sediment burial on the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica

Colden¹,

Lipcius²

2015

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica are dominant ecosystem engineers that construct complex reefs in estuarine systems. Reef persistence relies on reef growth, which must outpace reef degradation and sediment deposition. The quantitative impact of burial on oyster survival and sublethal effects of sediment deposition are undefined. In this mesocosm study, we quantified effects of partial and complete burial (0, 50, 70, 90, and 110% of oyster shell height) on survival, biodeposition, condition index and growth of oysters (shell height = 25−75 mm). Survival only declined significantly when 90% or more of an oyster was buried; the critical burial depth inducing 50% mortality was 108%. This finding will allow scaling of mortality rates of oysters as a function of sediment load and oyster size. Biodeposition and condition index were negatively related to burial depth, whereas shell growth increased with burial depth. Decreases in biodeposition and condition index were likely related to disruption of feeding by burial and reallocation of energy resources to shell growth. The increase in shell growth was analogous to vertical migration of infaunal species -buried oysters increased vertical shell growth to breach the sediment surface to feed and respire, at the expense of tissue growth. While oysters are tolerant of partial burial in terms of survival, burial adversely affects metabolic processes that influence demographic rates and reef persistence. Future management efforts should consider the effects of partial burial, which often occur more frequently than catastrophic burial events causing mass mortality.

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Section: Lethal Effectssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Sublethal Effectssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Sublethal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Lethal and sublethal effects of sediment burial on the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica

Colden¹,

Lipcius²

2015

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…In our current study, oysters could have been harvested before summer because they were spawned early (i.e. May) and reached market size within 12 mo, but this strategy may not always work in years where local environmental conditions may not be as favorable for growth as exemplified in an earlier study (Walton et al 2013b), or where harvest is not allowed due to environmental conditions (e.g. prolonged closures due to rainfall or harmful algal blooms).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Performance of oysters selected for dermo resistance compared to wild oysters in northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries

Casas¹,

Walton²,

Chaplin³

et al. 2017

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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The performance of the progeny of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica from Louisiana selected for resistance to dermo, caused by Perkinsus marinus (referred to as 'OBOY') and of wild oysters collected from Louisiana (Calcasieu Lake) and Alabama (Cedar Point, Perdido Pass), USA, estuaries was compared for their potential use in aquaculture. Seed oysters from each stock were deployed in September 2011 at 2 dermo-endemic sites, Dauphin Island and Sandy Bay, Alabama, using an adjustable longline system, and their survival and shell heights were monitored bimonthly. P. marinus infection intensity and condition index were measured at deployment and in March, July and September 2012. The OBOY stock showed lower mortality than the unselected stocks (Cedar Point, Perdido Pass, Calcasieu Lake) at Dauphin Island, and both Louisiana stocks had lower mortality than the Alabama stocks at Sandy Bay, a slightly more saline site. Mortality increased in summer, especially between July and September, concomitant with increasing P. marinus infection intensities at the higher temperatures and favorable salinities. At the higher salinity site, both Louisiana stocks had lower P. marinus infection intensities than the Perdido Pass stock, the stock with the highest percentage of oysters with moderate and heavy infection and cumulative mortality. The OBOY stock reached greater mean shell height than Calcasieu Lake and Perdido Pass stocks. Condition index of the oyster stocks decreased by more than half between March and July following expected spawning. Differences in stock performance highlight the importance of stock selection for aquaculture in dermo-endemic estuaries of the northern Gulf of Mexico.

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“…This allows the bay scallops to occupy the portion of the water column where food is most abundant (Walton et al. ) in comparison with the 12.7‐mm‐mesh bottom cages at a depth of 4.5 m MLW. A possible explanation for the greater growth rates of bay scallops in 12.7‐mm‐mesh hanging trays relative to those in 6‐mm and 9‐mm floating bags, which were situated in a similar location within the water column, could be related to the increased mesh size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nursery and Grow‐Out Strategy Optimization in Bay Scallop Argopecten irradians Aquaculture

Tobi¹,

Ward²

2019

N American J Aquac

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The northeastern United States once had a robust and profitable wild bay scallop Argopecten irradians commercial fishery that generated revenue for fishermen and quality seafood for regional consumption. Since the 1980s, bay scallop landings have been declining due to overfishing, habitat loss, and coastal water quality degradation. There is potential for bay scallop aquaculture to fill the void left by the decline of the wild fishery. However, further investigation into optimizing growth and survival in the nursery, grow‐out, and overwintering phases is needed. Growth and survival as related to stocking density were investigated during the nursery phase using a floating downweller system. Over the 6‐week nursery period, survival, growth, and food availability were documented in relation to flow rates and initial stocking densities. Initial bay scallop stocking density largely predicted mean bay scallop growth rates (mm/d) over the 6‐week observation period but had little impact on survival. At the end of the observation period, bay scallops were moved out of the nursery system to three different grow‐out locations on Cape Cod. At each location, bay scallops were stocked into three surface gear types (floating bags of two different mesh sizes [6 or 9 mm] or hanging trays) and bottom cages to investigate grow‐out phase strategies. In exposed, high‐energy environments, the surface gear was susceptible to damage, and bay scallop growth rates and survival were impacted. In low‐energy environments, growth rates and survival were similar between surface and bottom gear. In both low‐ and high‐energy environments, bay scallop growth rates (mm/d) declined significantly once temperatures dropped below 15°C. Observed growth rates and survival in the configurations examined in this study indicate that bay scallop farming on New England shellfish farms is viable.

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Effects of ploidy and gear on the performance of cultured oysters, Crassostrea virginica: Survival, growth, shape, condition index and Vibrio abundances

Cited by 62 publications

References 13 publications

Lethal and sublethal effects of sediment burial on the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica

Lethal and sublethal effects of sediment burial on the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica

Performance of oysters selected for dermo resistance compared to wild oysters in northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries

Nursery and Grow‐Out Strategy Optimization in Bay Scallop Argopecten irradians Aquaculture

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