Effects of Plyometric Training on Soft and Hard Surfaces for Improving Running Economy

Lännerström, Johan; Nilsson, Lina C.; Cardinale, Daniele A.; Björklund, Glenn; Larsen, Filip J.

doi:10.2478/hukin-2021-0071

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The high Achilles tendon stiffness could in turn be an adaptation to the numerous hills included in most training runs, as uphill running requires a larger force production of the calf muscles, and thus would be expected to lead to larger increases in tendon stiffness. It can be speculated that the lower V̇O 2 max relative to fat free mass of the new world-record holder, as opposed to the previous record holder might also have contributed to the better running economy because previous studies have observed trade-offs between V̇O 2 max and running economy ( Fletcher et al, 2009 ; Shaw et al, 2015 ; Lannerstrom et al, 2021 ). The mechanistic explanation for this trade-off is that a higher oxidative phosphorylation associated with a higher V̇O 2 max leads to an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesize that the new world record holder would show a better running economy than his predecessor as the new world record holder completed a high training volume that in turn may improve running economy ( Barnes and Kilding, 2014 ). We also hypothesized that the new record holder would have a similar or lower

than his predecessor, because other studies have shown a tradeoff between running economy and

( Fletcher et al, 2009 ; Shaw et al, 2015 ; Lannerstrom et al, 2021 ). Moreover, we also document the training characteristics of the athlete in an attempt to determine what attributes of training may have contributed to the exceptional performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A physiological comparison of the new—over 70 years of age—marathon record holder and his predecessor: A case report

Hooren

Lepers²

2023

Front. Physiol.

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Purpose: This study assessed the body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, fiber type and mitochondrial function, and training characteristics of a 71-year-old runner who broke the world record marathon of the men’s 70–74 age category and held several other world records. The values were compared to those of the previous world-record holder.Methods: Body fat percentage was assessed using air-displacement plethysmography. V˙O2max, running economy, and maximum heart rate were measured during treadmill running. Muscle fiber typology and mitochondrial function were evaluated using a muscle biopsy.Results: Body fat percentage was 13.5%, V˙O2max was 46.6 ml kg−1 min−1, and maximum heartrate was 160 beats∙min-1. At the marathon pace (14.5 km h−1), his running economy was 170.5 ml kg−1 km−1. The gas exchange threshold and respiratory compensation point occurred at 75.7% and 93.9% of the V˙O2max, i.e., 13 km h−1 and 15 km h−1, respectively. The oxygen uptake at the marathon pace corresponded to 88.5% of V˙O2max. Vastus lateralis fiber content was 90.3% type I and 9.7% type II. Average distance was 139 km∙w−1 in the year prior to the record.Conclusion: The 71-year-old world-record holder marathon showed a relatively similar V˙O2max, lower percentage of V˙O2max at marathon pace, but a substantially better running economy than his predecessor. The better running economy may result from an almost double weekly training volume compared to the predecessor and a high type I fiber content. He trained every day in the last ∼1.5 years and achieved international performance in his age group category with a small (<5% per decade) age-related decline in marathon performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

than his predecessor, because other studies have shown a tradeoff between running economy and

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A physiological comparison of the new—over 70 years of age—marathon record holder and his predecessor: A case report

Hooren

Lepers²

2023

Front. Physiol.

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“…That is to say, a force can hit a sphere under the opponent's feet on the flat ground, but it will be bounced off on the plateau. 12 To ensure a hit, you must reduce the force of the shot to shorten the shot's range. There is no guarantee that the initial length of the muscle at the limited rocker amplitude will reduce the strength of the muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Physical Conditions in Tennis Players Under High Altitudes

Quan

Yi-gang

2023

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: Due to the lower atmospheric density at high altitudes, the spherical surface of the table tennis ball offers less resistance, requiring higher performance from its players. The athletes' reaction time and movement speed can improve significantly. Objective: This paper studies the changes in the fitness level of Chinese table tennis players under training at high altitudes. These results can serve as a reference to formulate and implement the training strategy of the Chinese table tennis team. Methods: The performance of 12 outstanding table tennis players in the competition was explored. After arriving at the high altitude, the athletes practiced training for four weeks. The athletes' biochemical parameters and heart rates were evaluated before and after training. These data were statistically treated. Results: The heart rate of the athletes in the third week after the experiment was lower than before, with no significant difference (P>0.05). The hematocrit value of table tennis players in training showed a temporary elevation after one week, significantly different from that before the experiment (P<0.05). After two weeks of exercise at a high altitude, the hematocrit value of the athletes remained at a high level (P<0.05). Conclusion: Table tennis players can improve their physical conditions with training at high altitudes, including aerobic and anaerobic properties. High-intensity exercise at high altitudes is also beneficial for improving athletes' strength, speed, and reaction time quality. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

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“…None of the included studies analyses the timing of utilization of hard and soft surfaces within the athletes' preparation phase. Although we can clearly infer the best time to use with different surfaces from the results of some studies (Ramírez-Campillo et al, 2013;Arazi et al, 2014;Ahmadi et al, 2021;Jacobs et al, 2021;Lannerstrom et al, 2021;Pereira et al, 2022). It would be interesting for future research to identify which type of surface can be the best choice according to the phases of the annual plan (general preparation, specific preparation, or competition phase).…”

Section: Main Criticisms and Observations Regarding Training Programsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Methodological considerations for determining the volume and intensity of drop jump training. A systematic, critical and prepositive review

et al. 2023

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This systematic review provides critical and propositional information on criteria for determining the volume and intensity of drop jumps during plyometric training programs. Eligibility criteria were defined according to PICOS: Participants: male or female athletes, trained or recreationally active (16–40 years). Intervention duration: more than 4 weeks. Comparators: passive or active control group during a plyometric training program. Outcomes: information on improvement with Drop Jump or Depth Jump, with other jumps, acceleration, sprint, strength, and power output. Design: randomized controlled trials. We searched articles published in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Scopus. The search was conducted until 10 September 2022 for English-language articles only. The risk of bias was assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) for randomized controlled studies. We identified 31495 studies, of which only 22 were included. We found that six groups presented results with women, 15 presented results with men, and the remaining four presented mixed studies. Of the 686 people recruited, 329 participants aged 25.79 ± 4.76 years were involved in training. Methodological problems in training intensity, volume distribution, and individualization were noted, but methodological recommendations for their solution are also provided. It is concluded that the drop height should not be understood as the intensity determinant of plyometric training. Intensity is determined by ground reaction forces, power output, and jump height, among other factors. Furthermore, the athletes’ experience level selection should be based on the formulas recommended within this research. These results could be helpful for those who intend to conduct new plyometric training programs and research.

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Effects of Plyometric Training on Soft and Hard Surfaces for Improving Running Economy

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

A physiological comparison of the new—over 70 years of age—marathon record holder and his predecessor: A case report

A physiological comparison of the new—over 70 years of age—marathon record holder and his predecessor: A case report

Improvement of Physical Conditions in Tennis Players Under High Altitudes

Methodological considerations for determining the volume and intensity of drop jump training. A systematic, critical and prepositive review

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