Effects of poling and crystallinity on the dielectric properties of Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 at cryogenic temperatures

Abstract

The mechanisms underlying the anomalously large, room temperature piezoelectric activity of relaxor-PbTiO 3 type single crystals have previously been linked to low temperature relaxations in the piezoelectric and dielectric properties. We investigate the properties of Pb(In 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 -Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 between 10 and 300 K using dielectric permittivity measurements. We compare results on single crystal plates measured in the [001] and [111] directions with a polycrystalline ceramic of the same composition. Poled crystals have very different behaviour to unpoled crystals, whereas the dielectric spectrum of the polycrystalline ceramic changes very little on poling. A large, frequency dependent dielectric relaxation is seen in the poled [001] crystal around 100 K. The relaxation is much less prominent in the [111] cut crystal, and is not present in the polycrystalline ceramic. The unique presence of the large relaxation in poled, [001] oriented crystals indicates that the phenomenon is not due their relaxor nature alone. We propose that heterophase dynamics such as the motion of phase domain boundaries are responsible for both the anomalous electromechanical and dielectric behaviour.

Temperature-Dependent Ferroelectric Properties and Aging Behavior of Freeze-Cast Bismuth Ferrite–Barium Titanate Ceramics

“…This may be related to the anisotropic dielectric properties of the material and domain dynamics during and after poling. Anisotropic properties can account for a reduction in the permittivity with poling in ferroelectrics with a rhombohedral symmetry, whereas poling can increase domain size and therefore reduce the contribution to permittivity from domain walls, thereby decreasing the overall permittivity …”

“…Another interesting observation is that the relative permittivity of the poled specimen was lower than that of the unpoled dense ( v p = 4 vol %) and v p = 37 vol % freeze cast specimens, whereas it increased for the other freeze cast specimens ( v p = 43 vol %, 52 vol %, and 59 vol %), see Figure 7 c. This may be related to the anisotropic dielectric properties of the material and domain dynamics during and after poling. Anisotropic properties can account for a reduction in the permittivity with poling in ferroelectrics with a rhombohedral symmetry, 50 whereas poling can increase domain size and therefore reduce the contribution to permittivity from domain walls, thereby decreasing the overall permittivity. 51 …”

“…This may be related to the anisotropic dielectric properties of the material and domain dynamics during and after poling. Anisotropic properties can account for a reduction in the permittivity with poling in ferroelectrics with a rhombohedral symmetry, 50 whereas poling can increase domain size and therefore reduce the contribution to permittivity from domain walls, thereby decreasing the overall permittivity. 51 The microstructural and piezoelectric properties are summarized in Table 1, including the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d 33 , relative permittivity ε 33 T /ε 0 at 1 kHz, longitudinal voltage coefficient g 33 , and energy harvesting figure of merit, d 33 g 33 .…”

Self-poling and DC poling of Mn doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(ZrTi)O3 single crystals grown by a solid state crystal growth process

“…It is very common for the ε 33 T /ε 0 to increase with poling in relaxor-based lead single crystals near the MPB composition. 1,2,17,[25][26][27][28] The dependence of the SEP polarization direction on the applied electric field direction is not so large, but larger values are obtained in the forward direction for all applied electric field values. Figure 5(b) shows the clamped dielectric constant, ε 33 S /ε 0, of high-Qm SSCG PMN-0.3PZT SC by different poling voltages.…”

Macroscopic polarization in the nominally ergodic relaxor state of lead magnesium niobate

“…5,6,7,8,9,10 In particular, the correlation and dynamics of macro-, meso-, and nanoscopic-scale polarization and its impact on piezoelectric properties remains an enigma. 3,11,12,13 Common characteristics of relaxors are a broad maximum in the dielectric permittivity measured as a function of temperature and dielectric dispersion below the temperature of…”