Effects of pollen dilution on infection of Nosema ceranae in honey bees

Jack, Cameron; Uppala, Sai Sree; Lucas, Hannah; Sagili, Ramesh

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.01.004

Cited by 85 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Therefore, the actual energetic cost of mounting the immune response against the Nosema infection (Huang et al, 2012;Lochmiller & Deerenberg, 2000) might not be relevant in the tolerant honeybees. This is also supported by data showing that better alimentation affected host survival positively regardless the severity of the Nosema infection (Jack et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Nosema spp. infections cause no energetic stress in tolerant honeybees

et al. 2016

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Host-pathogen coevolution leads to reciprocal adaptations, allowing pathogens to increase host exploitation or hosts to minimise costs of infection. As pathogen resistance is often associated with considerable costs, tolerance may be an evolutionary alternative. Here, we examined the effect of two closely related and highly host dependent intracellular gut pathogens, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, on the energetic state in Nosema tolerant and sensitive honeybees facing the infection. We quantified the three major haemolymph carbohydrates fructose, glucose, and trehalose using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a measure for host energetic state. Trehalose levels in the haemolymph were negatively associated with N. apis infection intensity and with N. ceranae infection regardless of the infection intensity in sensitive honeybees. Nevertheless, there was no such association in Nosema spp. infected tolerant honeybees. These findings suggest that energy availability in tolerant honeybees was not compromised by the infection. This result obtained at the individual level may also have implications at the colony level where workers in spite of a Nosema infection can still perform as well as healthy bees, maintaining colony efficiency and productivity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Nosema spp. infections cause no energetic stress in tolerant honeybees

et al. 2016

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“…For example, Plasmodium blood-stage parasites can sense the levels of host nutrient intake and modulate replication and virulence based on nutrient availability (Mancio-Silva et al, 2017). We found that a pollen diet significantly increased the number of N. ceranae spores within the honey bee midgut similar to other studies (Zheng et al, 2014;Fleming et al, 2015;Jack et al, 2016). This suggests a similar host-parasite dynamic may exist between A. mellifera and N. ceranae.…”

Section: Effects Of Parasitic Stress From Nosema Ceranaesupporting

confidence: 82%

Pollen Alters Amino Acid Levels in the Honey Bee Brain and This Relationship Changes With Age and Parasitic Stress

et al. 2020

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Pollen nutrition is necessary for proper growth and development of adult honey bees. Yet, it is unclear how pollen affects the honey bee brain and behavior. We investigated whether pollen affects amino acids in the brains of caged, nurse-aged bees, and what the behavioral consequences might be. We also tested whether parasitic stress altered this relationship by analyzing bees infected with prevalent stressor, Nosema ceranae. Levels of 18 amino acids in individual honey bee brains were measured using Gas Chromatography -Mass Spectrometry at two different ages (Day 7 and Day 11). We then employed the proboscis extension reflex to test odor learning and memory. We found that the honey bee brain was highly responsive to pollen. Many amino acids in the brain were elevated and were present at higher concentration with age. The majority of these amino acids were non-essential. Without pollen, levels of amino acids remained consistent, or declined. Nosema-infected bees showed a different profile. Infection altered amino acid levels in a pollen-dependent manner. The majority of amino acids were lower when pollen was given, but higher when pollen was deprived. Odor learning and memory was not affected by feeding pollen to uninfected bees; but pollen did improve performance in Nosema-infected bees. These results suggest that pollen in early adulthood continues to shape amino acid levels in the brain with age, which may affect neural circuitry and behavior over time. Parasitic stress by N. ceranae modifies this relationship revealing an interaction between infection, pollen nutrition, and behavior.

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“…A). This is consistent with a recent study indicating that N. ceranae may affect hypopharyngeal gland protein synthesis, supporting the assertion that N. ceranae may disrupt protein metabolism in bees (Jack et al ., ). An elevation of peroxide concentration in midguts might indicate the activity of Duox, an NADPH oxidase known to be involved in gut immunity against several pathogens in Drosophila (Lemaitre and Hoffmann, ; Ferrandon, ; Buchon et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Disruption of oxidative balance in the gut of the western honeybee Apis mellifera exposed to the intracellular parasite Nosema ceranae and to the insecticide fipronil

Paris

Roussel

Pereira

et al. 2017

Microbial Biotechnology

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SummaryThe causes underlying the increased mortality of honeybee colonies remain unclear and may involve multiple stressors acting together, including both pathogens and pesticides. Previous studies suggested that infection by the gut parasite Nosema ceranae combined with chronic exposure to sublethal doses of the insecticide fipronil generated an increase in oxidative stress in the midgut of honeybees. To explore the impact of these two stressors on oxidative balance, we experimentally infected bees with N. ceranae and/or chronically exposed to fipronil at low doses for 22 days, and we measured soluble reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS damage by quantifying both protein and lipid oxidation in the midgut. Our results revealed a disruption of the oxidative balance, with a decrease in both the amount of ROS and ROS damage in the presence of the parasite alone. However, protein oxidation was significantly increased in the N. ceranae/fipronil combination, revealing an increase in oxidative damage and suggesting higher fipronil toxicity in infected bees. Furthermore, our results highlighted a temporal order in the appearance of oxidation events in the intestinal cells and revealed that all samples tended to undergo protein oxidation during ageing, regardless of treatment.

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Effects of pollen dilution on infection of Nosema ceranae in honey bees

Cited by 85 publications

References 76 publications

Nosema spp. infections cause no energetic stress in tolerant honeybees

Nosema spp. infections cause no energetic stress in tolerant honeybees

Pollen Alters Amino Acid Levels in the Honey Bee Brain and This Relationship Changes With Age and Parasitic Stress

Disruption of oxidative balance in the gut of the western honeybee Apis mellifera exposed to the intracellular parasite Nosema ceranae and to the insecticide fipronil

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