Effects of pollination distance on reproduction and offspring performance in Hypochoeris radicata: Experiments with plants from three European regions

Becker, Ute; Reinhold, T.; Matthies, Diethart

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.03.018

Cited by 36 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…They can grow up quickly as self-pollinators in order to colonize an area and then behave as cross-pollinators resulting in a buildup of diversity [8]. In the region of Eastern Crete, the species occurs only in higher altitude areas (cooler), and presents moderate diversity within populations (possibly because there is a fair amount of self-pollination [19, 20]). This justifies the differentiation between areas where variability is relatively high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure and population diversity of eleven edible herbs of Eastern Crete

Psaroudaki

Nikoloudakis

Skaracis

et al. 2015

J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki

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BackgroundThe present work aimed to investigate the genetic structure of 11 edible herbs grown in the wild of eastern Crete that are becoming vulnerable due to habitat destruction and unregulated harvesting. Thirty three populations (268 individuals) of Reichardia picroides, Scolymus hispanicus, Scandix pecten-veneris, Leontodon tuberosus, Cichorium spinosum, Sonchus asper ssp. glaucescens, Urospermum picroides, Prasium majus, Hypochoeris radicata, Centaurea raphanina ssp. raphanina and Anagallis arvensis were collected and identified from nine regions with distinct microclimate (Lassithi prefecture), and their genetic composition was studied by means of RAPD markers.ResultsA total of ten primers per population were used to detect genetic diversity and bootstrap analysis was conducted for clustering the samples. High levels of heterogeneity were revealed while the Analysis of Molecular Variance documented that variance was allocated mainly within populations and at a lesser extent among populations. Fst values among regions were moderate to high, suggesting partial population fragmentation. Bayesian structure analysis revealed fine genetic composition and substantial admixture between species present in different regions, although clustering was mainly geographically related.ConclusionsHigh altitude regions, with little residential and agricultural development (Kefala, Agrilos, Ziros and Tziritis), were the areas where high biodiversity was detected. On the other hand, coastal regions had lower biodiversity, probably due to degradation of their habitat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure and population diversity of eleven edible herbs of Eastern Crete

Psaroudaki

Nikoloudakis

Skaracis

et al. 2015

J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki

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“…In G. epetiolata, pollination by small understory insects and dispersal largely by gravity, suggest low levels of gene flow via pollen and seed, and high levels of relatedness among neighboring individuals. For instance, in experiments where plants have been crossed with pollen from individuals growing at different distances, seed set is generally lower and fruit abortion higher in crosses with neighboring individuals (e.g., Levin 1984, Becker et al 2006, Seltmann et al 2009). Optimal pollen dispersal distances and selective fruit abortion associated with pollen dispersal have been documented in various plant species (Price & Waser 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, selective fruit abortion might respond to inbreeding depression (and/or maternal effects) in an environment of low light availability. Likewise, crosses using donors with different degrees of relatedness frequently show that crosses among closely related individuals result in lower reproductive output than crosses among non-relatives (e.g., Becker et al 2006). For instance, in experiments where plants have been crossed with pollen from individuals growing at different distances, seed set is generally lower and fruit abortion higher in crosses with neighboring individuals (e.g., Levin 1984, Becker et al 2006, Seltmann et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Local Plant Density and Incomplete Dichogamy on the Reproductive Success of the Rare Neotropical PalmGeonoma epetiolata

2012

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Density dependent processes are known to influence reproduction and establishment of plant populations. In this study, we evaluated the effects of local density and sexual expression on the reproductive success of the rare palm species Geonoma epetiolata in Costa Rica. We classified individuals in two density categories based on distances to the two nearest neighbors and recorded the occurrence of sexual overlap on each individual. Overlap between pistillate and staminate flowers in monoecious plants allows geitonogamous pollination, potentially reducing dependence on mates for reproduction. We measured plant size and light availability, and evaluated the influence of these variables on pollination success, fruit production, fruit abortion and seed mass. Pollination success significantly increased with density but there was no effect of sexual overlap. In contrast, there was no effect of density on the probability of initiated fruit, and a negative effect on fruit set. Fruit abortion was lowest in isolated plants with no sexual overlap. Plant size and light did not contribute to variation in reproductive success. In conclusion, the pollination advantage of plants in dense neighborhoods does not compensate reproductive losses incurred by fruit abortion, possibly due to mating among genetically related individuals. Geonoma epetiolata is threatened by habitat loss and poaching of seeds for the horticultural market. High fruit abortion rates associated with density in G. epetiolata suggest that seed collections from the remnant wild populations of this palm species may cause bottlenecks that further threaten population viability.Abstract in Spanish is available in the online version of this article.

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“…This also applies to genetic reinforcement approaches, i.e. the introduction of individuals from other populations to increase genetic diversity of small and inbred populations (Becker, Reinhold, & Matthies 2006;Luijten et al 2002;Petit et al 2001). The importance of outbreeding depression in natural plant populations is still poorly understood and this aspect of conservation genetics requires further research.…”

Section: Collecting Several Populations To Increase Genetic Diversity?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, much research is novel, small scale and short term (Robertson & Hull 2001). The few large-scale studies (Becker, Colling, Dostal, Jakobsson, & Matthies 2006;Becker, Reinhold, & Matthies 2006;Bischoff et al 2006a;Joshi et al 2001) are also time limited. In particular, further information on the loss of diversity during propagation in stock is required.…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A question of origin: Where and how to collect seed for ecological restoration

Mijnsbrugge

Bischoff

Smith

2010

Basic and Applied Ecology

310

238

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Native plant species are routinely planted or sown in ecological restoration projects, but successful establishment and survival depend on where and how seeds are collected. Research suggests that it is important to use locally adapted seeds. Local populations often show a home-site advantage and non-local genotypes may be maladapted to local environmental conditions. Furthermore, intraspecific hybridisation of local and non-local genotypes may have a negative impact on the genetic structure of local populations via mechanisms such as outbreeding depression. Many species show a strong small-scale genetic differentiation between different habitats so that matching habitats of the restoration and donor site can be more important than minimizing geographical separation. It is a challenge to identify appropriate seed sources because strong small-scale population differentiation makes it difficult to delineate geographically defined seed zones to which seed exchange should be limited. Moreover, it is important to consider the genetic diversity of introduced material because it may be crucial to avoid genetic bottlenecks, inbreeding depression and poor establishment of plant populations. Repeated propagation in stock, which is often required to obtain a sufficient amount of seeds, can further reduce genetic diversity and may select for particular genotypes. Negative impacts of improper seed choice for nursery planting stock may become detectable only after many years, especially in long-lived and slow growing plants. Although scientific information on many species remains limited, the increasing demand for translocation of seed means that mandatory regulations are necessary. Guidelines should prescribe a specification of seed provenance, a record of genetic diversity of wild collections and rules for subsequent processing such as direct transfer and propagation of stock or seed orchards. We use a literature review to evaluate current legislation and to develop recommendations for herbaceous and woody species.

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Effects of pollination distance on reproduction and offspring performance in Hypochoeris radicata: Experiments with plants from three European regions

Cited by 36 publications

References 71 publications

Genetic structure and population diversity of eleven edible herbs of Eastern Crete

Genetic structure and population diversity of eleven edible herbs of Eastern Crete

Effects of Local Plant Density and Incomplete Dichogamy on the Reproductive Success of the Rare Neotropical PalmGeonoma epetiolata

A question of origin: Where and how to collect seed for ecological restoration

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