Abstract:Maleic anhydride was reacted with the armchair edges of graphene nanosheets (GN) via Diels-Alder reaction. Then, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was grafted onto the GN in the presence of anhydride groups through an esterification reaction. The PEG-grafted GN (PEG-g-GN) was characterised via FTIR analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and contact angle measurements, proving that PEG was successfully grafted onto the GN surface. The results indicated that PEG-g-GN posse… Show more
“…The electrical conductivity of PEG-GO-based polymer composites was reported in a recent study. 80 PEG grafted graphene nanosheets (PEG-g-GN) were uniformly dispersed in polylactic acid (PLA). The composite exhibited tensile strength of 59.46 MPa with conductivity of 9.69 ± 10 −4 S cm −1 .…”
Owing to the unique physical, chemical, mechanical and electrical properties, graphene and its derivatives have been extensively researched for diverse biomedical applications including in tissue engineering since the past decade. Tunable chemical functionalities of graphene oxide (GO), a graphene derivative, allow easy surface functionalization. Functionalization of GO with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (PEG-GO) has received significant attention as it offers superior solubility, stability, and biocompatibility. Besides being an attractive candidate for drug delivery, PEG-GO can aid in the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells, thereby augmenting tissue engineering. PEG-GO has shown excellent antibacterial efficacy, which could be an added advantage to minimize implantassociated infections. This review describes the synthesis techniques, properties, and biological potential of PEG-GO towards mammalian and bacterial cells. Studies wherein these nanomaterials have been explored for engineering various tissues are reviewed along with future opportunities in this field.
“…The electrical conductivity of PEG-GO-based polymer composites was reported in a recent study. 80 PEG grafted graphene nanosheets (PEG-g-GN) were uniformly dispersed in polylactic acid (PLA). The composite exhibited tensile strength of 59.46 MPa with conductivity of 9.69 ± 10 −4 S cm −1 .…”
Owing to the unique physical, chemical, mechanical and electrical properties, graphene and its derivatives have been extensively researched for diverse biomedical applications including in tissue engineering since the past decade. Tunable chemical functionalities of graphene oxide (GO), a graphene derivative, allow easy surface functionalization. Functionalization of GO with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (PEG-GO) has received significant attention as it offers superior solubility, stability, and biocompatibility. Besides being an attractive candidate for drug delivery, PEG-GO can aid in the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells, thereby augmenting tissue engineering. PEG-GO has shown excellent antibacterial efficacy, which could be an added advantage to minimize implantassociated infections. This review describes the synthesis techniques, properties, and biological potential of PEG-GO towards mammalian and bacterial cells. Studies wherein these nanomaterials have been explored for engineering various tissues are reviewed along with future opportunities in this field.
“… Figure 9. Comparison of the toughening effect of graphene-type nanofillers on PLA [ 20 , 21 , 32 , 45 – 52 ]. …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The SEM micrographs (low magnification) of the pure PLA and PLA/GC-g-PEG 0.3 nanocomposites tensile fracture surfaces can also be seen in the electronic supplementary material, figure S5. PEG/PEGmGO [21] PEG/g-GN [45] TPCS-GRH [46] EG [47] GO-ZnO [48] NGP [49] TRG/Py-PEG [50] GnP/CFX [51] graphene/PVA [52] GO-g-PLLA [20] GO-ODAG [32] This work tensile strength (MPa) Figure 9. Comparison of the toughening effect of graphene-type nanofillers on PLA [20,21,32,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52].…”
Strength and toughness are both of great importance for the application of polylactic acid (PLA). Unfortunately, these two properties are often contradictory. In this work, an effective and practical strategy is proposed by using carboxylated graphene oxide (GC) grafted with polyethylene glycol (PEG), i.e. GC-g-PEG. The synthesis procedure of GC-g-PEG is firstly optimized. Then, a series of PLA nanocomposites were prepared by the melt blending method via masterbatch. In comparison to that achieved over pure PLA, these nanocomposites are of higher crystallinity, thermal stability and mechanical strength. This is mainly attributed to well-tailored interface and good dispersion. Especially, while retaining the tensile strength of the original PLA, the elongation at break increases by seven times by adding 0.3 wt% GC-g-PEG.
“…In addition, thermal and flammability properties of CNT and graphite filled rigid polyurethane composites have been studied and it was found that both CNT and graphite have a minor impact on the decomposition process during thermal degradation of polyurethane [72]. Further, poly(lactic acid) composites prepared with polyethylene glycol grafted graphene (PEG-g-GN) showed significant improvement of tensile strength and at 1 wt% PEG-g-GN showed the highest property improvement due to the improvement of compatibility between poly(lactic acid) and GN [73]. Moreover, properties of thermally exfoliated and partially reduced GO (TERGO) and GO filled polylactide and polycaprolactone composites have been studied and they have been utilized for thermal management and other packaging applications [74].…”
Section: Applications Of Groups Of Graphite Derivativesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…to incorporate into NR [42]. In a recent study, Huang et al, [77] synthesized polyethylene glycol grafted graphene (PEG-g-GN) to enhance electrical properties of poly (lactic acid) nanocomposite due to poor adhesion of unmodified natural graphite [77]. Further, mechanical and chemical resistance of GO, rGO and bentonite clay incorporated NR composites [42] have been evaluated and remarkable improvement of tensile strength was found in NR/rGO composite.…”
Functional materials based on the crystalline allotropes of carbon have garnered tremendous interest from researchers in chemistry, physics, and material science for a long time. This paper reviews studies carried out on carbon black and graphite derivatives, their properties, and manufacturing applications. Graphite derivatives such as graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, expanded graphite, and graphene quantum dots are reviewed, along with a discussion of their synthesis and advantages. Generally, carbon black and graphite derivatives are incorporated into the polymeric material to enhance the performance of the end material. Recently, much attention has turned to the structural and electronic properties of carbon-based polymeric materials. Hence, at present, graphite-based polymeric material is the hottest topic in physics and materials science due to excellent electric and thermal conductivity, optical, mechanical properties, etc. The most common and widely used filler for rubber in the industry is carbon black due to its excellent physico-mechanical properties, thermal stability, oil resistance, etc. Therefore, carbon black and graphite derivatives incorporated composites of natural rubber have been reviewed in detail, along with a discussion of the current limitations and challenges of these exciting materials.
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