Effects of poly(vinyl acetate) suspending agents on suspension polymerisation of vinyl chloride monomer

Lerner, F.; Nemet, S.

doi:10.1179/146580199101540178

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The main advantage of using APMA aqueous solutions, as suspending agents for the suspension polymerisation of MMA, is that APMA is not grafted on the particle surface, as are other common stabilisers, e.g. PVA (Lerner and Nemet, 1999). Also, it can be easily removed from the particle surface after the polymerisation, which is a significant benefit, especially for applications where high purity polymers are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspension polymerisation of methyl methacrylate using ammonium polymethacrylate as a suspending agent

Georgiadou¹,

Brooks²

2006

Chemical Engineering Science

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Ammonium polymethacrylate (APMA) was used as a suspending agent for the suspension polymerisation of methyl methacrylate. Aqueous APMA solutions were found to exhibit non-Newtonian behaviour. Their high viscosity decreased with increasing pH. Experimental data for drop break up were in agreement with Taylor's theory of viscous shear break up. It was also found that APMA interferes with the polymerisation kinetics. ᭧

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspension polymerisation of methyl methacrylate using ammonium polymethacrylate as a suspending agent

Georgiadou¹,

Brooks²

2006

Chemical Engineering Science

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“…In general, suspending agents fall into two categories. The first type comprise water‐soluble organic macromolecules, such as hydroxymethyl cellulose, poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinylpyrrolidone), sodium polymethacrylate, and so on . The second type comprise inorganic suspending agents, such as calcium phosphate, magnesium carbonate, talcum powder, and so on .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of polymerization conditions on particle size distribution in styrene‐graphite suspension polymerization process

Cunwei

Chen

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Suspension polymerization in the presence of graphite has been studied in order to determine the effects of some operational parameters on the particle size distribution (PSD). The results showed that, with increasing graphite content, the particle size of the polystyrene/graphite (PS/G) beads increased. Moreover, instability of the suspension polymerization system was found at high amounts of graphite. With increasing initiator concentration, the particle size of the polymer beads increased and the PSD became slightly narrower. Changing the concentration of the suspending agent proved to be an efficient way of controlling the particle size, although its increase led to a broadening of the PSD. Adding the suspending agent in two portions at different times decreased the particle size, maintained a lower concentration of suspending agent, and kept the suspension polymerization system stable. Adjusting the stirring speed proved to be a very efficient means of manipulating the PSD of the PS/G composite beads. The Sauter mean diameter decreased and the PSD was broadened with increasing stirring speed; 400 rpm was identified as an appropriate value to obtain polystyrene/graphite beads with desirable particle size and distribution.

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“…PVC porosity can also be increased by using non-ionic surfactants as secondary stabilizers [17]. PVA can become grafted onto polymer that is formed inside the drops so that a "skin" forms on the final particle surface [18,19]. Formation of that skin, which is difficult to remove, can affect the final polymer properties.…”

Section: Suspending Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspension Polymerization Processes

Brooks

2010

Chem Eng & Technol

136

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Industrial suspension polymerization usually proceeds via a free-radical mechanism to produce polymer beads. The size distribution of the polymer beads is often similar to that of the polymerizing drops in the reactor. That distribution is determined by the operating mechanisms of drop breakage and of drop coalescence. Consequently, the value of the Reynolds Number is significant and a potential change in flow regime must be considered in reactor scale-up. The choice of suspending agent, which can be a watermiscible polymer or a finely divided particulate solid, can affect both the drop size and the properties of the final product. High monomer conversions are attainable but reaction kinetics can be affected by increases in drop viscosity during the polymerization. Drop mixing, which sometimes takes place, can be slow so that non-uniformity occurs in the final product. With copolymerization, complications can arise if the initiator, or one of the monomers, is partially soluble in the continuous phase. Adverse environmental impact of suspension polymerization can be avoided by cleaning and/or recycling of the continuous phase when it leaves the reactor.

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Effects of poly(vinyl acetate) suspending agents on suspension polymerisation of vinyl chloride monomer

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Suspension polymerisation of methyl methacrylate using ammonium polymethacrylate as a suspending agent

Suspension polymerisation of methyl methacrylate using ammonium polymethacrylate as a suspending agent

Effects of polymerization conditions on particle size distribution in styrene‐graphite suspension polymerization process

Suspension Polymerization Processes

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