Effects of Polygenic Risk and Perceived Friends’ Drinking and Disruptive Behavior on Development of Alcohol Use Across Adolescence

Zaso, Michelle J.; Maisto, Stephen A.; Glatt, Stephen J.; Hess, Jonathan; Park, Aesoon

doi:10.15288/jsad.2020.81.808

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This suggests that while altered reward functioning is significantly linked with disorders, the magnitude of association is small. This finding is consistent with the understanding that most psychopathologies have multifactorial etiologies; other aspects such as social and cognitive functioning may account for the unobserved associations (Hess et al, 2021; Radonjić et al, 2021; Zaso et al, 2020). It is also plausible that associations between psychopathologies and the reward measures would be greater in magnitude had we been able to use direct clinical diagnoses, and acknowledge that our findings with relatively low correlations should be viewed with some caution.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Reward Functioning in General and Specific Psychopathology in Children and Adults

Saxena,

Hartman,

Blatt

et al. 2023

J Atten Disord

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Objective: Problems with reward processing have been implicated in multiple psychiatric disorders, but psychiatric comorbidities are common and their specificity to individual psychopathologies is unknown. Here, we evaluate the association between reward functioning and general or specific psychopathologies. Method: 1,213 adults and their1,531 children (ages 6–12) completed various measures of the Positive Valence System domain from the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Psychopathology was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist for children and the Adult Self Report for parents. Results: One general factor identified via principal factors factor analysis explained most variance in psychopathology in both groups. Measures of reward were associated with the general factor and most specific psychopathologies. Certain reward constructs were associated solely with specific psychopathologies but not general psychopathology. However, some prior associations between reward and psychopathology did not hold following removal of comorbidity. Conclusion: Reward dysfunction is significantly associated with both general and specific psychopathologies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Reward Functioning in General and Specific Psychopathology in Children and Adults

Saxena,

Hartman,

Blatt

et al. 2023

J Atten Disord

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Reward Dysfunction in General and Specific Psychopathology in Children and Adults

Saxena

Hartman

Blatt

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Reward dysfunction has been implicated in many psychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, depression, and substance use disorders. However, psychiatric comorbidities are common, and the specificity of reward dysfunction to individual psychopathologies is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between reward functioning and specific or general psychopathologies. Methods: 1044 adults and their 1215 children (ages 6-12) completed various measures of the Positive Valence System domain from the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), which included the Delayed and Probability Discounting Tasks, Energy Expenditure for Reward Task, and Iowa Gambling Task. Children also completed the Experienced Pleasure Scale for children, while adults completed the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale and the Behavioral Activation System tasks. Psychopathology was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for children and the Adult Self Report (ASR) for parents. Results: One general factor identified via principal factors factor analysis explained the majority of variance in psychopathology in both groups. Reward measures in both adults and children were significantly associated with general psychopathology as well as most specific psychopathologies. Some associations between reward and psychopathology did not hold following removal of general psychopathology; nonetheless, certain reward constructs were uniquely associated with specific disorder problems but not general psychopathology. Conclusion: Disorder problem specific associations with reward functioning can be identified after removal of comorbidity. General propensity toward psychopathology is significantly but not uniquely correlated with reward dysfunction. Altogether, this may have broader implications for future study of the role of reward in disease pathogenesis.

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“…This suggests that the consumption of alcohol and other drugs is influenced by groups close to adolescents and other antecedents such as delinquency; this has been identified in cross-sectional studies, as well as in systematic reviews, thus corroborating the direct influence of the group of friends, and their behaviors in the development of antisocial, and risk behaviors. [16][17][18][19][20] Besides, these data are opposed to those obtained by Ozeylem et al, 21 who conclude that the lack of friends or social interaction increases the risk of drug use (or= 1.41, 95% ci= 1.23-1.63). This shows that the health of teenagers is a com-plex phenomenon in which interactions between different spheres of life can lead to different outcomes, even when exposure to vulnerability factors is present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Timely Detection of Behavioral Risks in High School Students in Mexico City

Rodríguez-Ramírez,

Martini-Blanquel

2023

Atención Familiar

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Objective: To assess the risk of behavioral problems in adolescent students in Mexico City. Methods: analytical cross-sectional study, 432 adolescents from the College of Sciences and Humanities (CCH) participated, where the posit instrument (Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers) was applied, which measures the risk of behavioral problems in adolescents through seven dimensions: drug use/abuse, mental health, family and friends’ relationships, level of education, job interest, and aggressive-delinquent behaviors. Student's t-Test was used to assess whether there were differences between males and females (by dimension). Results: 55.9% of the 432 students were female, 42.3% were studying the second semester, 34.6% the fourth semester, and 23.1% the sixth semester. When the dimensions were analyzed according to gender, statistically significant differences were found in favor of women in the mental health area (p= 0.022). In the case of men, there were two areas: relationships with friends (p= 0.001), and job interest (p= 0.0000). Conclusions: some of the most affected areas were mental health, relationships with friends, and job interest in the studied group; however, aspects such as family, and those related to aggressive/delinquent behaviors continue to be important triggers for risk behaviors.

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Effects of Polygenic Risk and Perceived Friends’ Drinking and Disruptive Behavior on Development of Alcohol Use Across Adolescence

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Reward Functioning in General and Specific Psychopathology in Children and Adults

Reward Functioning in General and Specific Psychopathology in Children and Adults

Reward Dysfunction in General and Specific Psychopathology in Children and Adults

Timely Detection of Behavioral Risks in High School Students in Mexico City

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