Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and status during pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review

Voortman, Trudy; Hooven, Edith H. van den; Braun, Kim V.E.; Broek, Marion van den; Bramer, Wichor M.; Chowdhurry, Rajiv; Franco, Oscar H.

doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2015.05.001

Cited by 33 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Potential explanations for the discrepancy between our findings and previous studies include differences in the dose and type of n-3 LCPUFA supplied, the timing of the supplementation, the trial design, and the accuracy of measurements. The dose of n-3 LCPUFA in our trial was 2.4 g per day, which is higher than in most previous studies, in which 900 mg or 1.5 g was administered,792526 and the high number of participants increased the statistical power to detect effects on growth and body composition compared with previous studies 27. One other trial supplemented with a dose similar to ours from week 30 of pregnancy and completed follow-up for 243 participants at age 19 years, finding no effect on waist circumference or BMI, which could be caused by low numbers 28.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Effect of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on bone, lean, and fat mass at six years: randomised clinical trial

Vinding

Stokholm

Sevelsted

et al. 2018

BMJ

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ObjectiveTo examine the effect of supplementation with n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) in pregnancy on anthropometry and body composition in offspring.DesignDouble blinded, randomised controlled trial.SettingCopenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2010 cohort.Participants736 pregnant women and their offspring.Interventionn-3 LCPUFA (fish oil) or control (olive oil) daily from pregnancy week 24 until one week after birth.Main outcome measuresHeight/length, weight, head, and waist measurements and body composition from dual energy x ray absorptiometry (all pre-specified secondary endpoints of the n-3 LCPUFA trial; the primary outcome for the trial was persistent wheeze/asthma).ResultsThe mean body mass index (BMI) z score was increased between age 0 and 6 years in the fish oil supplementation group compared with the control group (0.14 (95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.23); P=0.006). At 6 years, supplementation was associated with a higher BMI z score (0.19 (0.06 to 0.32); P=0.004), a higher weight/height (3.48 (0.38 to 6.57) g/cm; P=0.03), and a larger waist circumference (0.6 (0.0 to 1.2) cm; P=0.04) but not a higher proportion of obese children, using International Obesity Task Force grades. The dual energy x ray absorptiometry scan at age 6 years showed a higher total mass (395.4 (86.6 to 704.3) g; P=0.01) in the supplementation versus the control group, explained by a higher lean mass (280.7 (98.9 to 462.4) g; P=0.002), a higher bone mineral content (10.3 (2.3 to 18.1) g; P=0.01), and a non-significantly higher fat mass (116.3 (−92.9 to 325.5) g; P=0.28), but no differences were seen in total body fat or lean mass percentage.ConclusionFish oil supplementation from the 24th week of pregnancy led to a higher BMI in the offspring from 0 to 6 years of age but not an increased risk of obesity at age 6. The body composition at age 6 years in children given fish oil supplementation was characterised by a proportional increase in lean, bone, and fat mass suggesting a general growth stimulating effect of n-3 LCPUFA.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT00798226

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Effect of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on bone, lean, and fat mass at six years: randomised clinical trial

Vinding

Stokholm

Sevelsted

et al. 2018

BMJ

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“…This was confirmed by the later review of Voortman et al . (moderate quality) evaluating the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) dietary intake and blood levels during pregnancy, lactation or early childhood on obesity and other cardio‐metabolic outcomes.…”

Section: Results/effects Of Interventions/exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 2015 review by Voortman et al . (moderate quality) assessed the influence of the intake and status of LCPUFA in infancy on later obesity (including effects on BMI and body fat). Eight interventional and observational studies conducted during early childhood that assessed different outcomes of interest were included.…”

Section: Results/effects Of Interventions/exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight systematic reviews assessed the effects of different components of infant formula feeding on BMI, overweight, obesity or body composition (Table S2) (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35), including two (30,34) that addressed only the immediate consequences. All reviews included exclusively or mainly RCTs.…”

Section: Infant Formulamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variations in terms of assessed components of infant formulas and selected outcomes were observed between the included reviews. Based on the AMSTAR assessment (Table S3), only one of the reviews was of high quality (29); four reviews were classified as being of moderate quality (28,30,31,33), and two, of low quality (32,35). Body mass index, overweight and obesity.…”

Section: Infant Formulamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional interventions or exposures in infants and children aged up to 3 years and their effects on subsequent risk of overweight, obesity and body fat: a systematic review of systematic reviews

et al. 2016

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Summary This study, performed as part of the international EarlyNutrition research project (http://www.project-earlynutrition.eu), provides a systematic review of systematic reviews on the effects of nutritional interventions or exposures in children (up to 3 years of age) on the subsequent risk of obesity, overweight and adiposity. Electronic databases (including MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library) were searched up until September 2015. Forty systematic reviews were included. A consistent association of breastfeeding with a modest reduction in the risk of later overweight and obesity in childhood and adulthood was found (the odds decreased by 13% based on high‐quality studies), but residual confounding cannot be excluded. Lowering the protein content of infant formula is a promising intervention to reduce the risk of later overweight and obesity in children. There is no consistent evidence of an association of the age of introducing complementary foods, sugar‐sweetened beverage or energy intake in early childhood with later overweight/obesity, but there are some indications of an association of protein intake during the complementary feeding period with later overweight/obesity. There was inadequate evidence to determine the effects of other nutritional interventions or exposures, including modifications of infant formula composition, fat intake or consumption of different food groups.

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Association of Fish Consumption and Mercury Exposure During Pregnancy With Metabolic Health and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Children

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCE The balance of mercury risk and nutritional benefit from fish intake during pregnancy for the metabolic health of offspring to date is unknown.OBJECTIVE To assess the associations of fish intake and mercury exposure during pregnancy with metabolic syndrome in children and alterations in biomarkers of inflammation in children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis population-based prospective birth cohort study used data from studies performed in 5 European countries (France, Greece, Norway, Spain, and the UK) between April 1, 2003, and February 26, 2016, as part of the Human Early Life Exposome (HELIX) project. Mothers and their singleton offspring were followed up until the children were aged 6 to 12 years. Data were analyzed between March 1 and August 2, 2019.EXPOSURES Maternal fish intake during pregnancy (measured in times per week) was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires, and maternal mercury concentration (measured in micrograms per liter) was assessed using maternal whole blood and cord blood samples. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESAn aggregate metabolic syndrome score for children was calculated using the z scores of waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and levels of triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin. A higher metabolic syndrome score (score range, −4.9 to 7.5) indicated a poorer metabolic profile. Three protein panels were used to measure several cytokines and adipokines in the plasma of children. RESULTSThe study included 805 mothers and their singleton children. Among mothers, the mean (SD) age at cohort inclusion or delivery of their infant was 31.3 (4.6) years. A total of 400 women (49.7%) had a high educational level, and 432 women (53.7%) were multiparous. Among children, the mean (SD) age was 8.4 (1.5) years (age range, 6-12 years). A total of 453 children (56.3%) were boys, and 734 children (91.2%) were of white race/ethnicity. Fish intake consistent with health recommendations (1 to 3 times per week) during pregnancy was associated with a 1-U decrease in metabolic syndrome score in children (β = −0.96; 95% CI, −1.49 to −0.42) compared with low fish consumption (<1 time per week) after adjusting for maternal mercury levels and other covariates. No further benefit was observed with fish intake of more than 3 times per week. A higher maternal mercury concentration was independently associated with an increase in the metabolic syndrome score of their offspring (β per 2-fold increase in mercury concentration = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.01-0.34).Compared with low fish intake, moderate and high fish intake during pregnancy were associated with reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines in children. An integrated analysis identified a cluster of children with increased susceptibility to metabolic disease, which was (continued) Key Points Question Is fish consumption during pregnancy associated with benefits for the metabolic health of children? Findings In this cohort study of 805 mothers and their singleton offspring, ...

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Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and status during pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review

Cited by 33 publications

References 113 publications

Effect of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on bone, lean, and fat mass at six years: randomised clinical trial

Effect of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on bone, lean, and fat mass at six years: randomised clinical trial

Nutritional interventions or exposures in infants and children aged up to 3 years and their effects on subsequent risk of overweight, obesity and body fat: a systematic review of systematic reviews

Association of Fish Consumption and Mercury Exposure During Pregnancy With Metabolic Health and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Children

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