Effects of pore‐water ammonia on in situ survival and growth of juvenile mussels (<i>;Lampsilis cardium)</i>; in the St. Croix Riverway, Wisconsin, USA

Bartsch, Michelle R.; Newton, Teresa J.; Allran, John W.; O’Donnell, J. A.; Richardson, William B.

doi:10.1897/02-340

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the sediments tests, growth rate declined an order of magnitude between the controls and the highest ammonia treatment; in the water-only tests, juvenile mussels grew slowly, regardless of treatment. Likewise, growth rates of juvenile L. cardium ranged from 3 to 20 m/d after a 4-d in situ deployment in the St. Croix River (MN and WI, USA) [34]. The considerable growth in the controls in the sediment tests suggests that juvenile mussels received substantial benefit from the presence of sediment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Lethal and sublethal effects of ammonia to juvenile Lampsilis mussels (unionidae) in sediment and water‐only exposures

Newton

Bartsch

2007

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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We compared the sensitivity of two juvenile unionid mussels (Lampsilis cardium and Lampsilis higginsii) to ammonia in 96-h water-only and sediment tests by use of mortality and growth measurements. Twenty mussels were placed in chambers buried 2.5 cm into reference sediments to approximate pore-water exposure (sediment tests) or elevated above the bottom of the experimental units (water-only tests). In the sediment tests, a pH gradient existed between the overlying water (mean 8.0), sediment- water interface (mean 7.7), and 2.5 cm depth (mean 7.4). We assumed that mussels were exposed to ammonia in pore water and report effect concentrations in pore water, but if they were exposed to the higher pH water, more of the ammonia would be in the toxic un-ionized (NH(3)) form. The only differences in toxicity and growth between mussel species occurred in some of the water-only tests. In sediment tests, median lethal concentrations (LC50s) ranged from 124 to 125 microg NH(3)-N/L. In water-only tests, LC50s ranged from 157 to 372 microg NH(3)-N/L. In sediment tests, median effective concentrations (EC50s based on growth) ranged from 30 to 32 microg NH(3)-N/L. Juvenile mussels in the water-only tests grew poorly and did not exhibit a dose-response relation. These data demonstrate that growth is a sensitive and valuable endpoint for studies on ammonia toxicity with juvenile freshwater mussels and that growth should be measured via sediment tests.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Second, studies should examine the effects of pH on ammonia toxicity. However, in a field study, TAN concentrations varied from Ͻ1 to 2 mg/L in pore water from the relatively uncontaminated St. Croix River; yet, survival and growth of in situ-deployed juvenile mussels were generally unrelated to ammonia concentrations [34]. Toxicol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lethal and sublethal effects of ammonia to juvenile Lampsilis mussels (unionidae) in sediment and water‐only exposures

Newton

Bartsch

2007

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Increased growth of mussels in low and intermediate treatment concentrations partially may be explained by the additional carbon or nitrogen from test compounds available for microorganisms, which in turn could provide a supplemental food source for the mussels [32,33]. Interestingly, an inverted Ushaped concentration-response curve, in contrast to a traditional linear toxicity response curve, was evident for growth of mussels exposed to Roundup, technical-grade glyphosate IPA salt, and Aqua Star; however, the difference in growth of treatments compared to controls was not statistically significant for any of these compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and chronic toxicity of glyphosate compounds to glochidia and juveniles of Lampsilis siliquoidea (unionidae)

Bringolf

Cope

Mosher

et al. 2007

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Native freshwater mussels (family Unionidae) are among the most imperiled faunal groups in the world. Factors contributing to the decline of mussel populations likely include pesticides and other aquatic contaminants; however, there is a paucity of data regarding the toxicity of even the most globally distributed pesticides, including glyphosate, to mussels. Therefore, the toxicity of several forms of glyphosate, its formulations, and a surfactant (MON 0818) used in several glyphosate formulations was determined for early life stages of Lampsilis siliquoidea, a native freshwater mussel. Acute and chronic toxicity tests were performed with a newly established American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard guide for conducting toxicity tests with freshwater mussels. Roundup, its active ingredient, the technical-grade isopropylamine (IPA) salt of glyphosate, IPA alone, and MON 0818 (the surfactant in Roundup formulations) were each acutely toxic to L. siliquoidea glochidia. MON 0818 was most toxic of the compounds tested and the 48-h median effective concentration (0.5 mg/L) for L. siliquoidea glochidia is the lowest reported for any aquatic organism tested to date. Juvenile L. siliquoidea were also acutely sensitive to MON 0818, Roundup, glyphosate IPA salt, and IPA alone. Technical-grade glyphosate and Aqua Star were not acutely toxic to glochidia or juveniles. Ranking of relative chronic toxicity of the glyphosate-related compounds to juvenile mussels was similar to the ranking of relative acute toxicity to juveniles. Growth data from chronic tests was largely inconclusive. In summary, these results indicate that L. siliquoidea, a representative of the nearly 300 freshwater mussel taxa in North America, is among the most sensitive aquatic organisms tested to date with glyphosate-based chemicals and the surfactant MON 0818.

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“…While there are concerns that ammonia toxicity contributes to large-scale declines in freshwater invertebrates (e.g., Sparks & Sandusky, 1981;Wilson et al, 1995), we found no published evidence that natural conditions in the UMR lead to toxic levels of unionized ammonia (NH 3 ). The only in situ study we are aware of that evaluated ammonia toxicity on a highly susceptible organism (juvenile unionid mussels) found no evidence of elevated mortality or decreased growth in a wide range (range: 7.9-187 lg l -1 NH 3 -N) of porewater ammonia concentrations (Bartsch et al, 2003). In fact, the highest proportion of live juveniles was found at the highest NH 3 concentrations, and growth rates were positively related to NH 3 concentrations (Bartsch et al, 2003, Fig .…”

Section: In Unenriched Waters Concentrations Of Nh 3 or Nhmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nitrogen and phosphorus in the Upper Mississippi River: transport, processing, and effects on the river ecosystem

2010

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Existing research on nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) can be organized into the following categories: (1) Long-term changes in nutrient concentrations and export, and their causes; (2) Nutrient cycling within the river; (3) Spatial and temporal patterns of river nutrient concentrations; (4) Effects of elevated nutrient concentrations on the river; and (5) Actions to reduce river nutrient concentrations and flux. Nutrient concentration and flux in the Mississippi River have increased substantially over the last century because of changes in land use, climate, hydrology, and river management and engineering. As in other large floodplain rivers, rates of processes that cycle nitrogen and phosphorus in the UMR exhibit pronounced spatial and temporal heterogeneity because of the complex morphology of the river. This spatial variability in nutrient processing creates clear spatial patterns in nutrient concentrations. For example, nitrate concentrations generally are much lower in off-channel areas than in the main channel. The specifics of in-river nutrient cycling and the effects of high rates of nutrient input on UMR have been less studied than the factors affecting nutrient input to the river and transport to the Gulf of Mexico, and important questions concerning nutrient cycling in the UMR remain. Eutrophication and resulting changes in river productivity have only recently been investigated the UMR. These recent studies indicate that the high nutrient concentrations in the river may affect community composition of aquatic vegetation (e.g., the abundance of filamentous algae and duckweeds), dissolved oxygen concentrations in offchannel areas, and the abundance of cyanobacteria. Actions to reduce nutrient input to the river include changes in land-use practices, wetland restoration, and hydrological modifications to the river. Evidence suggests that most of the above methods can contribute to reducing nutrient concentration in, and transport by, the UMR, but the impacts of mitigation efforts will likely be only slowly realized.

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Effects of pore‐water ammonia on in situ survival and growth of juvenile mussels (;Lampsilis cardium); in the St. Croix Riverway, Wisconsin, USA

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Lethal and sublethal effects of ammonia to juvenile Lampsilis mussels (unionidae) in sediment and water‐only exposures

Lethal and sublethal effects of ammonia to juvenile Lampsilis mussels (unionidae) in sediment and water‐only exposures

Acute and chronic toxicity of glyphosate compounds to glochidia and juveniles of Lampsilis siliquoidea (unionidae)

Nitrogen and phosphorus in the Upper Mississippi River: transport, processing, and effects on the river ecosystem

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