Effects of Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) Induced by a Plyometric Protocol on Deceleration Performance

Abstract

Post-Activation Potentiation (PAP) is a phenomenon which can improve power performance executed after a previous conditioning activity. PAP is usually evoked through heavy resistance or plyometric exercise. It has been suggested to refer to as Postactivation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) when research is field-based on explosive activities. To our best knowledge, no studies have investigated the effects of PAPE on deceleration performance, which is a key factor in sports involving change of directions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a plyometric exercise protocol on a subsequent deceleration running performance. University soccer players (n = 18) performed seven deceleration trials and were assessed at baseline and after ~15 s, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 min either following a walking control condition (C) or three sets of ten repetitions of alternate-leg bounding (plyometric, P). Results showed no significant differences at any of the trials under the control condition (C) in comparison to the relative baseline. Under the plyometric condition (P), deceleration performance executed two minutes after the plyometric activity resulted in significantly faster results compared to the baseline values (p = 0.042; ES = 0.86, large effect; % of improvement = 4.13 %). The main findings are that plyometric exercise improves a subsequent running deceleration performance, 2 min after its execution. Future investigations should focus on more complex actions such as changes of direction and agility.

Acute Effects of High-Load vs. Plyometric Conditioning Activity on Jumping Performance and the Muscle-Tendon Mechanical Properties

“…Numerous types of CA have been examined to date; however, the use of plyometric CA has recently gained attention (8,10,19,21,29,41), mainly due to the lack of training equipment requirements; thus, plyometric CA may be a practical solution to induce the PAPE before the competition (21). The meta-analysis by Seitz and Haff (36) showed that plyometric (effect size [ES] 5 0.47) and traditional high-loaded (.85% one repetition maximum [1RM]) CA (ES 5 0.41) produced a similar PAPE.…”

“…However, the authors of this meta-analysis considered only 1 study using a plyometric CA (34). Since then, many studies have assessed the effectiveness of the plyometric CA in inducing the PAPE (8,10,19,21,29,41). However, far less directly compared the effectiveness of plyometric CA vs. high-load CA with inconsistent results (11,34,42).…”

Analysis of Human Exercise Health Monitoring Data of Smart Bracelet Based on Machine Learning

“…Ciocca Gianmarco proposed that the health monitoring system of human movement of the intelligent bracelet is indeed much more efficient than the traditional manual method, but it also brings many challenges while providing real-time data: How to transform the noisy original data into processable and effective information, and how to further improve the computing power of the algorithm model to process the increasing real-time monitoring data [ 15 ]. Tang et al proposed that while adding some new functions, the design and development of an intelligent bracelet will take the advantages and disadvantages of the 37-degree bracelet as a reference.…”

The Effects of Different Stretching Techniques Used in Warm-Up on the Triggering of Post-Activation Performance Enhancement in Soccer Players

“…Furthermore, studies in the literature have suggested that the effects of PAPE may diminish after a comprehensive warm-up [8,9]. Nevertheless, researchers [10][11][12] commonly opt for warm-up exercises comprising dynamic exercises following cycling as part of the warm-up routine before PAPE.…”

“…Ciocca et al [10] conducted a study aiming to determine the temporal changes in PAPE levels. Prior to the PAPE protocol, they implemented 3 min of low-intensity running followed by 10 min of dynamic stretching exercises.…”