Effects of Post-natal Serotonin Levels on Craniofacial Complex

Byrd, Kenneth E.; Sheskin, T.A.

doi:10.1177/00220345010800081001

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…5‐HTT mRNA is widely expressed before organogenesis and throughout the second half of gestation, particularly in developing sensory ganglionic neurons and neuroepithelial cells, in neural crest and neural crest‐derived tissues, and in the craniofacial and cardiac regions, suggesting a role in regulation of peripheral synaptogenesis (27) and tissue and organ formation. Embryos exposed to SSRIs and receptor ligands exhibit craniofacial malformations, possibly through effects on epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions (28–30) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin Regulates Osteoclast Differentiation Through Its Transporter

Battaglino¹,

Fu²,

Späte³

et al. 2004

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

189

154

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5-HTT mediates antidepressant-sensitive clearance of 5-HT after its release into neural synapses. We found increased expression of 5-HTT in RANKL-induced osteoclast-like cells. Fluoxetine, an inhibitor of 5-HTT, reduced osteoclast differentiation but not activation. Reserpine, an inhibitor of 5-HT intracellular transport, potentiated differentiation. These results indicate a role for 5-HTT in osteoclast function and suggest that commonly used antidepressive agents may affect bone mass. Introduction:Interactions between the serotonergic and skeletal systems are suggested by various clinical observations but are poorly understood. Materials and Methods: Using gene microarrays, we found that the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) was strongly expressed in RANKL-induced osteoclasts. Using RANKL stimulation of RAW264.7 cells and mouse bone marrow cells as a model system for osteoclast differentiation, we studied the possible role/s of the different components of the serotonin (5-HT) system on the differentiation process. Results: Osteoclast 5-HTT exhibited typical 5-HT uptake activity that was inhibitable by fluoxetine (Prozac). Fluoxetine reduced osteoclast differentiation but did not inhibit the activation of preformed osteoclasts, whereas the addition of 5-HT itself enhanced differentiation. Fluoxetine-treated osteoclast precursors had reduced NF-B activation and elevated inhibitory protein B␣ (IB␣) levels compared with untreated cells. 5-HT, on the other hand, resulted in activation of NF-B. Reserpine inhibition of intracellular transport of 5-HT into cytoplasmic vesicles potentiated RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, suggesting the importance of intracellular 5-HT in regulating osteoclast differentiation. Reserpine also modestly enhanced the expression of the osteoclast marker TRACP in the absence of RANKL. Conclusions: Taken together, these data suggest that the 5-HT system plays an important role in bone homeostasis through effects on osteoclast differentiation and implies that commonly used antidepressive agents may affect bone mass.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin Regulates Osteoclast Differentiation Through Its Transporter

Battaglino¹,

Fu²,

Späte³

et al. 2004

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

189

154

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“…The silver foxes bred selectively for tameness showed both higher basal serotonin levels and lower corticosteroid levels and reactivity (Kulikova, Zhanaeva, and Popova 1989;Popova 2004;Popova et al 1980Popova et al , 1997Trut, Pliusnina, and Oskina 2004;Trut et al 2006). While the role of serotonin and corticosteroids in craniofacial development is not clear, there is evidence that they have important cranial morphogenic and osteogenic effects (Byrd and Sheskin 2001;Pirinen 1995;Shuey, Sadler, and Lauder 1992;Warden et al 2005).…”

Section: Temperament and Craniofacial Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial Feminization, Social Tolerance, and the Origins of Behavioral Modernity

Cieri¹,

Churchill²,

Franciscus³

et al. 2014

Current Anthropology

164

175

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The University of Chicago Press and Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Current Anthropology.The past 200,000 years of human cultural evolution have witnessed the persistent establishment of behaviors involving innovation, planning depth, and abstract and symbolic thought, or what has been called "behavioral modernity." Demographic models based on increased human population density from the late Pleistocene onward have been increasingly invoked to understand the emergence of behavioral modernity. However, high levels of social tolerance, as seen among living humans, are a necessary prerequisite to life at higher population densities and to the kinds of cooperative cultural behaviors essential to these demographic models. Here we provide data on craniofacial feminization (reduction in average brow ridge projection and shortening of the upper facial skeleton) in Homo sapiens from the Middle Pleistocene to recent times. We argue that temporal changes in human craniofacial morphology reflect reductions in average androgen reactivity (lower levels of adult circulating testosterone or reduced androgen receptor densities), which in turn reflect the evolution of enhanced social tolerance since the Middle Pleistocene.Middle Paleolithic, CTE appears to have accelerated during the interval between about 80 and 30 Ka BP. Beginning sporadically in the later part of the Middle Stone Age (MSA) and continuing with increasing regularity into the Later Stone Age (LSA) and Upper Paleolithic (UP), this interval witnessed the rapid florescence of new technologies, including leptolithic and microlithic tools, greater artifact diversity, bone and antler working, heat treatment and pressure flaking of flint, longrange projectile weapons, grindstones, fishing and birding gear, trapping technology, sophisticated pyrotechnology, and possibly watercraft (Ambrose 1998; Backwell, d'Errico, and Yellen et al. 1995). This period of rapid technological innovation is contemporaneous with the earliest evidence of symbolic behavior and abstract thought, in the form of pigment processing, personal adornment, incised notational pieces, musical instruments, and mobilary and parietal art (Bouzouggar et al.

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“…Both 5‐HT and the 5‐HT transporter (SERT) have been detected in early development stages of mouse embryo (2, 3) and are involved in the migration of cells derived from the neural crest, and in neurogenesis, as well as in craniofacial and cardiovascular morphogenesis (4–6). Of note, embryos exposed to 5‐HT 2B receptor (5‐HT 2B R) antagonists or antidepressants, which block 5‐HT uptake by the SERT, exhibit morphological defects in mesodermal and neural crest derivatives, including the craniofacial skeleton (4–8). Moreover, in adults, patients receiving serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants appear to be at risk for osteoporosis (9–11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enamel alterations in serotonin 2B receptor knockout mice

Dimitrova-Nakov

Marchadier

Collet

et al. 2011

European J Oral Sciences

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The role of the serotonin 2B receptor (5-HT(2B) R) in enamel formation and mineralization was explored in adult 5HT(2B) R knockout (KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In the molar, quantitative data obtained by micro-computed tomography imaging showed that the overall volume of the enamel layer was firmly reduced in KO mice. Defective mineralization was ascertained by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. We also observed, using scanning electron microscopy, that parazones in the KO mice included two or three helicoidally twisted rods within Hunter-Schreger bands, instead of a single rod, as found in the WT mice. Minor disturbances were also detected in the incisors of KO mice. Structural modifications, thinner enamel crystallites, and porosities observed in KO mice indicate that the 5-HT(2B) R-mediated signaling pathways as part of the enamel formation process. These data provide a basis for evaluating the role of 5-HT(2B) R in ameloblast functions. Defects observed in the mineralization and structure of enamel in KO mice highlight that the 5-HT(2B) R interferes with the mechanisms directing amelogenesis.

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Effects of Post-natal Serotonin Levels on Craniofacial Complex

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Serotonin Regulates Osteoclast Differentiation Through Its Transporter

Serotonin Regulates Osteoclast Differentiation Through Its Transporter

Craniofacial Feminization, Social Tolerance, and the Origins of Behavioral Modernity

Enamel alterations in serotonin 2B receptor knockout mice

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