Effects of Postbiotics and Paraprobiotics as Replacements for Antibiotics on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Small Intestine Histomorphology, Immune Status and Hepatic Growth Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens

Abstract

Background: This experiment was designed to investigate how replacing antibiotics with postbiotics and paraprobiotics could affect growth performance, small intestine morphology, immune status, and hepatic growth gene expression in broiler chickens. Methods: The experiment followed a completely randomized design (CRD) in which eight treatments were replicated six times with seven birds per replicate. A total of 336, one-day-old (COBB 500) chicks were fed with the eight treatment diets, which include T1 = negative control (Basal diet), T2 = positive control (Basal diet + 0.01% (w/w) Oxytetracycline), T3 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) postbiotic TL1, T4 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) postbiotic RS5, T5 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) paraprobiotic RG11, T6 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) postbiotic RI11, T7 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) paraprobiotic RG14, T8 = Basal diet + 0.2% (v/w) paraprobiotic RI11, for 35 days in a closed house system. Results: The growth performance indicators (final body weight, cumulative weight gain, and feed conversion ratio) were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. However, feed intake recorded a significant (p < 0.05) change in the starter and finisher phases across the dietary treatments. Paraprobiotic RG14 had significantly (p < 0.05) lower abdominal fat and intestines. Villi heights were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, while the crypt depth decreased significantly due to dietary treatments. The dietary treatments significantly influenced colon mucosa sIgA (p < 0.05). Similarly, plasma immunoglobulin IgM level recorded significant (p < 0.05) changes at the finisher phase. In this current study, the hepatic GHR and IGF-1 expressions were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by postbiotics and paraprobiotics supplementation. Conclusions: Therefore, it was concluded that postbiotics and paraprobiotics differ in their effect on broiler chickens. However, they can replace antibiotics without compromising the growth performance, carcass yield, and immune status of broiler chickens.

Effects of paraprobiotic as replacements for antibiotic on performance, immunity, gut health and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens

“…These results are in line with those of Xiao et al 28 and Hand 29 , who discovered that the anti-vaccine titre of birds that had been given killed probiotic treatment was significantly higher than that of control birds. On the other hand, according to Donaldi et al 25 , there were no appreciable differences in immune response when paraprobiotic or postbiotic supplementation was combined with a basal diet. According to this study, intake paraprobiotics significantly influenced immune system related organs like the spleen and thymus.…”

“…When contrasted with the control and other treated groups, the T 5 and T 6 groups' birds had the lowest FCR values. The results of Danladi et al 25 are at odds with this because they discovered no appreciable modifications to broiler diets following the addition of paraprobiotics to the diet. The results of this study corroborate those of Humam et al 26 , who reported improved FCR after dietary supplementation with paraprobiotic and postbiotic bacteria.…”

Effects of paraprobiotic as replacements for antibiotic on performance, immunity, gut health and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens

“…These results are in line with those of Xiao et al 24 and Hand 25 , who discovered that the anti-vaccine titre of birds that had been given killed probiotic treatment was signi cantly higher than that of control birds. On the other hand, according to Donald et al 21 , there were no appreciable differences in immune response when paraprobiotic or postbiotic supplementation was combined with a basal diet. According to this study, intake paraprobiotics signi cantly in uenced of immune system related organs like the spleen and thymus.…”

“…When contrasted with the control and other treated groups, the T 5 and T 6 groups' birds had the lowest FCR values. The results of Danlad et al 21 are at odds with this because they discovered no appreciable modi cations to broiler diets following the addition of paraprobiotics to the diet. The results of this study corroborate those of Humam et al 22 , who reported improved FCR after dietary supplementation with paraprobiotic and postbiotic bacteria.…”

Efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Product and Probiotic Supplementation on Growth Performance, Gut Microflora and Immunity of Broiler Chickens

“…The ‘postbiotic’ has emerged which extends the scope of the probiotic concept beyond its inherent viability [ 9 ]. The term ’postbiotic’ refers to the soluble factors (stabilized bacteria, cellular products, or metabolic by-products) secreted by living microbes or released after microbial lysis [ 10 ], which are mainly derived from Lactobacillus , Bifidobacterium , Streptococcus , fecal bacteria [ 11 , 12 ], and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast [ 13 , 14 ]. Recent research suggests that postbiotics offer various health benefits through immune system modulation (cell wall compounds may strengthen immunity), increased adhesion to intestinal cells (which restricts pathogen growth), and secretion of various metabolites [ 11 , 15 ].…”