Effects of posterior cortical lesions on performance of a brightness-discrimination task.

Jh, Bauer; Rm, Cooper

doi:10.1037/h0044234

Cited by 86 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Thus there were no signs whatever of a trend toward improvement of performance of the visual-pattern habit in either the treated or the untreated posterior subjects, although observed, there were three major possibilities, and one was that the habit was learned by normal subjects as a visual-pattern habit. This interpretation has been offered by Cooper and his colleagues (Bauer & Cooper, 1964;Cooper, Blochert, Gillespie, & Miller, 1972). According to their theory, normal rats respond to such visual features as the edges and the corners of the doors used in black-white training and fail to form habits on the basis of intensitive differences between the stimuli.…”

Section: The Nature Of the Deficits Produced By Posterior Ablanonsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dynamics and bases of recoveries of functions after injuries to the cerebral cortex

Meyer

1977

Psychobiology

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A review of the principal results of a 20-year program, at Ohio State University, of quantitative studies of the problem of recovery from damage to the brain.This review considers the principal results of a program of quantitative studies of the problem of recovery from damage to the brain. The program was begun some 20 years ago as an effort to understand the curious results of a classical experiment of Lashley (1935). Lashley observed that if hooded rats are trained to choose the brighter of a pair of doors, they show no postoperative retention of the habit when retested after having been subjected to bilateral ablations of the posterior regions of the dorsolateral cortex. But he also observed that posterior preparations, if given further training on the task, relearn the black-white habit at a rate that is not very different from the rate at which the habit is initially acquired by normal subjects.Lashley's observations thus suggested that retention of the habit could be readily suppressed by an ablation that is virtually without effect upon a rat's capacities for learning or relearning of the habit. Hence, the first question was why, if it is true that the habit can be learned just as quickly by braindamaged subjects as by normal animals, performance of the habit should be cortically dependent provided that the cortex is present. That is, the animals had obviously not been reduced to a condition where they lacked some essential system for performance of the habit, and yet they behaved as though the operations had deprived them of all recognition of the fact that they had ever seen the problem before.The investigations described in this review were supported in part by National Institute of Mental Health Grants MH-02035 and MH-D6211. P. M. Meyer is a United States Public Health Service Research Scientist and Investigator (5-Ko-MH-12,747) of the National Institute of Mental Health . From the Laboratory of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, Ohio State University: To our former students, whose thoughts, skills, and labor have contributed so much to the conception, design, and execution of the studies in the program, we express our deep appreciation and our fondest regards. We also wish to thank Ms. Elaine Wells Carlson for her assistance in the preparation of the manuscript. And, finally, we wish to note that David G. Lavond, who subjected the draft to an unusually constructive critique, enabled us to see some implications in the findings that had theretofore completely escaped us.A second basic question was whether, in recovering from ablations of the posterior cortex, the subjects were relearning the habit with systems related to the still-intact anterior cortex. We found that there were two ways of looking at that possibility. One was to presume, as Pavlov (1927) had proposed, that recoveries of visual habits that are lost when the posterior cortex is destroyed is possible because the anterior cortex normally has visual as well as other kinds of functions. The other was to think that the anterior corte...

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Section: The Nature Of the Deficits Produced By Posterior Ablanonsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dynamics and bases of recoveries of functions after injuries to the cerebral cortex

Meyer

1977

Psychobiology

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“…And one might postulate, as Cooper and his associates have (Bauer & Cooper, 1964;Goodale & Cooper, 1965), that this is exactly what happens because the neocortical lesion produces a neurological loss and, postoperatively, the animal must relearn the brightness discrimination. Thus, the initial preoperative errors, the original preoperative learning, the postoperative behavioral deficit, and the subsequent recovery of function are all postulated to represent a similar learning process.…”

Section: Disruptions Optimization and The Nature Of The Behavioral mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of function after brain damage: A theory of the behavioral deficit

LeVere

1980

Psychobiology

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The present discussion assumes that recovery of function is not an event but rather a process. When it occurs, this process bridges the gap between the occurrence of the brain injury and the reinstatement of a particular behavior disrupted by the brain injury. Accordingly, to understand the process of recovery of function, one must first appreciate the point from which the process begins, that is, the behavioral deficit. It is the thesis of the present discussion that one effect of neural injury is to cause the individual to shift behavioral control to neural systems not directly affected by the neurological insult. The behavioral deficit is then the result of the individual's attempting to learn new behaviors to compensate for those normally mediated by the damaged neural system. Recovery of function, on the other hand, represents a return to the neural system directly affected by the injury and the utilization of whatever of this system may be spared.

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“…It can be argued that following bilateral insult to the visual cortex, rats learn a brightness task on the basis of different or "simpler" cues than do normal animals (Bauer & Cooper, 1964;Hamilton & Treichler, 1968) and that, if experience with the "simpler" task is given prior to lesion (e.g., with light-diffusing occluders), positive savings in relearning will be shown by SS animals (Cooper et aI., 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The differential effects of additional cortical lesions in rats with single- or multiple-stage lesions of the visual cortex

1977

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Male albino rats relearned a black-white discrimination for food after posterior neocortex was bilaterally removed in a single operation ("single stage") or in two unilateral operations ("multiple stage"). Single-stage animals showed no savings in relearning (relearning errors = learning errors). Multiple-stage animals showed positive savings (relearning errors < learning errors). To assess cortical reorganization, the rats were given additional lesions and again retrained. Cortex either contiguous or noncontiguous with the posterior lesion was removed bilaterally. Contiguous and noncontiguous lesions produced different effects only among animals with prior multiple-stage posterior lesions. Rats with single-stage posterior lesions and contiguous or noncontiguous lesions showed positive savings and did not differ from each other or from rats with mUltiple-stage posterior and noncontiguous lesions. Rats with multiple-stage posterior and contiguous lesions made more errors and showed' negative savings. The role of contiguous cortex in the serial lesion effect was also tested with two additional groups. Rats given noncontiguous cortex lesions prior to multiple-stage posterior lesions showed positive savings in retraining. Rats given contiguous cortex lesions prior to multiple-stage posterior lesions showed negative savings.

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Effects of posterior cortical lesions on performance of a brightness-discrimination task.

Cited by 86 publications

References 10 publications

Dynamics and bases of recoveries of functions after injuries to the cerebral cortex

Dynamics and bases of recoveries of functions after injuries to the cerebral cortex

Recovery of function after brain damage: A theory of the behavioral deficit

The differential effects of additional cortical lesions in rats with single- or multiple-stage lesions of the visual cortex

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