Concurrent 02 evolution, 02 uptake, and CO2 uptake by illuminated maize (Zea maya) leaves were measured using 12CO2 and 802. Considerable 02 uptake occurred during active photosynthesis. At CO2 compensation, 02 uptake increased. Associated with this increase was a decrease in 02 release such that a stoichiometric exchange of 02 occurred. The rate of 02 exchange at CO2 compensation was directly related to 02 concentration in the atmosphere at least up to 8% (v/v).When illuminated maize leaves were exposed to saturating CO2 concentrations containing approximately equal amounts of 'CO2 and '3CO2, the latter was taken up more rapidly, thus depressing the atom % 13C in the atmosphere. Moreover, upon exposure to CO2 containing 96 atom % "3C, there occurred a directly measurable efflux of '2CO2 from the leaves for at least 15 minutes. During this period an equimolar evolution of 1602 and uptake of 12CO2 was observed. Thereafter, although the rate of 1602 evolution remained unchanged, the rate of "3CO2 uptake declined markedly, suggesting continual "3C enrichment of the photorespiratory substrate.It is concluded that a finite photorespiratory process occurs in maize and that the CO2 generated thereby is efficiently recycled. Recycling maintains the internal C02 concentration at a level difficult to detect by most photorespiratory assays.