Effects of Potential Micro- and Macro-nutrients in Combatting COVID-19

Rocha, Jason P.; Basra, Tamneet; Kurdi, Bara El; Venegas-Borsellino, Carla

doi:10.1007/s40137-021-00301-w

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Micro and macroelements are essential to impart a healthy lifestyle which aids in the metabolic processes, energy production, and combatting COVID-19 [ 50 , 51 , 52 ]. Microgreens are seen as a major source of various important micro and macronutrients with a significant difference in the overall composition of the nutrient content among various microgreen types.…”

Section: Nutrient and Phytochemical Composition Of Microgreensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microgreens—A Comprehensive Review of Bioactive Molecules and Health Benefits

et al. 2023

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Microgreens, a hypothesized term used for the emerging food product that is developed from various commercial food crops, such as vegetables, grains, and herbs, consist of developed cotyledons along with partially expanded true leaves. These immature plants are harvested between 7–21 days (depending on variety). They are treasured for their densely packed nutrients, concentrated flavors, immaculate and tender texture as well as for their vibrant colors. In recent years, microgreens are on demand from high-end restaurant chefs and nutritional researchers due to their potent flavors, appealing sensory qualities, functionality, abundance in vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds, such as ascorbic acid, tocopherol, carotenoids, folate, tocotrienols, phylloquinones, anthocyanins, glucosinolates, etc. These qualities attracted research attention for use in the field of human health and nutrition. Increasing public concern regarding health has prompted humans to turn to microgreens which show potential in the prevention of malnutrition, inflammation, and other chronic ailments. This article focuses on the applications of microgreens in the prevention of the non-communicable diseases that prevails in the current generation, which emerged due to sedentary lifestyles, thus laying a theoretical foundation for the people creating awareness to switch to the recently introduced category of vegetable and providing great value for the development of health-promoting diets with microgreens.

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Section: Nutrient and Phytochemical Composition Of Microgreensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microgreens—A Comprehensive Review of Bioactive Molecules and Health Benefits

et al. 2023

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“…The dietary factor that leads to the weakening of immune functions is the failure of macro- and micro-nutrient intake. In addition, clinical studies have shown that malnutrition, weight imbalance, and fragility and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota are the main factors involved in the deterioration of immune functions in infected patients[ 13 ].…”

Section: Influence Of Macronutrients On Covid-19 Severitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nutrients on immunomodulation in patients with severe COVID-19: Current knowledge

Costa¹,

Araújo²,

Júnior³

et al. 2022

WJCCM

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Recent research has demonstrated that critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) show significant immune system dysregulation. Due to that, some nutrients that influence immunomodulation have been suggested as a form of treatment against the infection. This review collected the information on the impact of vitamins on the prognosis of COVID-19, with the intention of facilitating treatment and prevention of the disease risk status in patients. The collected information was obtained using the PubMed electronic database by searching for articles that relate COVID-19 and the mechanisms/effects of the nutrients: Proteins, glucose, lipids, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium, including prospective, retrospective, and support articles. The findings reveal an optimal response related mainly to omega-3, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, calcium, and iron that might represent benefits in the treatment of critically ill patients. However, nutrient supplementation should be done with caution due to the limited availability of randomized controlled studies.

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“…[5][6][7] Clinical manifestations of the COVID-19 disease range from asymptomatic to mild coldlike symptoms and even severe illness in which patients require intensive care unit (ICU) admission. 5,8 The progression to severe illness is likely due to the uncontrolled release of proinflammatory cytokines, also known as a cytokine storm. 5 These cytokines can cause a prolonged systemic inflammatory response inducing hypermetabolism, characterized by increased resting energy expenditure (REE), oxygen consumption, and persistent protein catabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When SARS‐CoV‐2 infects the respiratory system, various immune cells and inflammatory mediators will be activated and trigger the release of proinflammatory cytokines to aid in eliminating the virus 5–7 . Clinical manifestations of the COVID‐19 disease range from asymptomatic to mild cold‐like symptoms and even severe illness in which patients require intensive care unit (ICU) admission 5,8 . The progression to severe illness is likely due to the uncontrolled release of proinflammatory cytokines, also known as a cytokine storm 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macronutrient and micronutrient requirements and therapeutic effects in critically ill patients with SARS‐CoV‐2: A narrative review

Huang

Lew

2023

Nut in Clin Prac

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Background: COVID-19 can lead to critical illness and induce hypermetabolism, protein catabolism, and inflammation. These pathological processes may alter energy and protein requirements, and certain micronutrients may attenuate the associated detriments. This narrative review summarizes the macronutrient and micronutrient requirements and therapeutic effects in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2.Methods: We searched four databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and studies that measured macronutrient and micronutrient requirements, published from February 2020 to September 2022.Results: Ten articles reported on energy and protein requirements, and five articles reported the therapeutic effects of ω-3 (n = 1), group B vitamins (n = 1), and vitamin C (n = 3). Patients' resting energy expenditure gradually increased with time, measuring approximately 20 kcal/kg body weight (BW), 25 kcal/kg BW, and 30 kcal/kg BW for the first, second, and third week onwards, respectively. Patients remained in negative nitrogen balances in the first week, and a protein intake of ≥1.5 g/kg BW may be necessary to achieve nitrogen equilibrium. Preliminary evidence suggests that ω-3 fatty acids may protect against renal and respiratory impairments. The therapeutic effects of group B vitamins and vitamin C cannot be ascertained, although intravenous vitamin C appears promising in reducing mortality and inflammation. Conclusion:There are no RCTs to guide the optimal dose of energy and protein in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2. Additional larger-scale, well-designed RCTs are needed to elucidate the therapeutic effects of ω-3, group B vitamins, and vitamin C.

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Effects of Potential Micro- and Macro-nutrients in Combatting COVID-19

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Microgreens—A Comprehensive Review of Bioactive Molecules and Health Benefits

Microgreens—A Comprehensive Review of Bioactive Molecules and Health Benefits

Effects of nutrients on immunomodulation in patients with severe COVID-19: Current knowledge

Macronutrient and micronutrient requirements and therapeutic effects in critically ill patients with SARS‐CoV‐2: A narrative review

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