“…Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host (FAO/WHO, 2001). Genera Rhodotorula and Bacillus have been applied as probiotics to improve sea cucumber growth (Li et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2015a;Yang, Tian, Dong, Peng, & Wang, 2015;Zhang et al, 2017;Zhao et al, 2012), digestive enzyme activity Wang et al, 2015;Yang, Xu, Zhou, Zhang, & Sun, 2015b), and modulate the immune response (Li et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2015b;Zhang et al, 2017;Zhao et al, 2012Zhao et al, , 2016. Recently, a study has focused on the bacterial community in the intestinal content of sea cucumbers following the probiotic bacteria administration (Yang, Peng, Tian, & Dong, 2017).…”