Effects of Pre- and Postfresh Transition Diets Varying in Dietary Energy Density on Metabolic Status of Periparturient Dairy Cows

Rabelo, E.; Rezende, R.L.; Bertics, S.J.; Grummer, R. H.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)73124-6

Cited by 58 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The higher glucose and lower NEFA concentrations during the last 3 weeks of gestation (Table 2) in cows offered the H diet suggest that these cows were mobilising less body fat than cows offered diet L, which was attributable to the differences in energy intake. A similar effect has also been observed during the last few weeks of gestation in other experiments (Grum et al, 1996;Holtenius et al, 2003;Rabelo et al, 2005;Douglas et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Offering a high-energy-density diet (H) in the dry period has, in some studies, increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) post-calving, compared to a low-energy-density diet (L) (Rukkwamsuk et al, 1998;Holtenius et al, 2003), but most studies have found no effect (Minor et al, 1998;Tesfa et al, 1999;Holcomb et al, 2001;Doepel et al, 2002;Rabelo et al, 2005;Dann et al, 2006). Different results have also been reported for liver lipid/triacylglycerol (TAG) where one study has shown a decreased content post-calving for cows offered an H diet in the dry period compared to an L diet (Doepel et al, 2002), others the opposite (Rukkwamsuk et al, 1998;Douglas et al, 2006), whereas others again have found no effect (Grum et al, 1996;Tesfa et al, 1999;Rabelo et al, 2005). These discrepancies between studies are likely to be explained by a variety of factors, such as number of animals per treatment, time points for blood/liver sampling postcalving, inclusion/exclusion of cows with clinical/subclinical ketosis or other diseases, and last but not least, the differences obtained in body condition scores (BCS) at calving between cows offered an H or L diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy intake in late gestation affects blood metabolites in early lactation independently of milk production in dairy cows

Nielsen

Hameleers²,

Young

et al. 2010

Animal

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The present experiment examined the effect of offering either a high-(H) or low-(L) energy-density diet in late gestation and early lactation on physiological parameters, body condition score (BCS) and milk production in early lactation. In all, 40 multiparous Holstein cows were randomly allocated to one of four treatments in a 2 3 2 factorial design, where the factors were H-or L-energy density in a total mixed ration (TMR) both pre-and post-calving. Consequently, there were four treatment groups: HH, HL, LL and LH. The pre-calving treatment was initiated 100 days prior to expected calving; the H TMR was fed ad libitum whereas the L TMR was restricted to 10 kg dry matter/day during late lactation, and to approximately 75% of energy requirements from drying off until calving. Both diets were offered ad libitum post-calving. Feeding diet H compared to L precalving led to higher BCS at calving (2.68 v. 2.34, P , 0.01). Energy corrected milk yield and energy-intake post-calving were not affected by pre-calving diets. Changes in BCS and blood concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and glucose in early lactation showed that cows offered diet H pre-calving generally mobilised more body reserves compared to cows offered diet L pre-calving. An interaction between pre-and post-calving diets showed that cows offered diet H pre-calving had lower body tissue mobilisation when offered diet H post-calving compared to diet L. Cows offered diet L pre-calving, did not mobilise differently whether they were offered diet H or L post-calving. The pre-and post-calving diets had no effect on liver triacylglycerol, whereas liver glycogen was higher in cows on treatment HH compared to the other three treatments. Collectively, these results indicate that overfeeding should be avoided in late gestation and that a high-energy-density diet is desirable in early lactation in order to obtain a more favourable metabolic profile.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy intake in late gestation affects blood metabolites in early lactation independently of milk production in dairy cows

Nielsen

Hameleers²,

Young

et al. 2010

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…No statistically significant differences were found for any traits or groups either before or after parturition. Rabelo et al (2005) reported a decline of pH values in a group with higher energy content in the FR, but no significant differences in the sums of VFA were found. All values of rumen fluid measured in our experiment are shown in Table 7.…”

Section: Average Values Of Rumen Fluid and Blood Serum Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-structural carbohydrates in the nutrition of high-yielding dairy cows during a transition period

Poláková¹,

Kudrna²,

Kodeš³

et al. 2010

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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The main aim of this study was to investigate experimentally the effect of different composition of non-structural carbohydrates (NFC) in prepartum feed rations administered to high-yielding dairy cows at a high concentration of NFC in the diet on dry matter intake both before and after parturition and on subsequent milk performance, body condition and physiological traits of rumen fluid and blood. Thirty-six high-yielding dairy cows were allocated into one of the three well-balanced groups (K, O, and C), and each group received a different feeding rations. Feeding rations differed in non-structural carbohydrate (NFC) structure. The "K" (control) group received a feeding ration with NFC in the form of maize starch in particular, while the feeding rations of the other two (experimental) groups contained either (besides maize starch) saccharose from dried sugar beet (the "O" group) or a dominant amount of NFC was in the form of saccharose (the "C" group). After calving, all dairy cows were given the same feeding ration from the first day after parturition. The experiment was conducted for 21 days before and 50 days after calving. FR in the form of total mixed ration was offered ad libitum. Dry matter intake, milk performance, body condition, live weight, and blood and rumen parameters were recorded for the duration of the experiment. Average daily dry matter intake before calving was highest in the "K" group (14.32 kg per head). Differences among groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Prepartum dry matter consumption dropped as the rate of saccharose in the diet of cows increased. Dry matter consumption levelled off after calving. Milk yield was also highest in the "K" group (43.71 kg/head/day), but fatness of milk and thus the production of fat corrected milk were lowest in this group. The highest milk fat content (4.10%) and fat corrected milk production (44.03 kg/head/day) were recorded in the "C" group, whereas the highest milk protein concentration was found in the milk of the "O" group. The composition of NFC affected dry matter intake before parturition, but these concentrations did not significantly affect dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, live weight, body condition or blood serum and rumen fluid parameters after calving

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“…We [21,22] conducted an experiment to examine feeding strategies for transitioning cows from low-energy far-off dry cow diets to high-energy lactation diets. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used; cows were fed diets containing 1.55 or 1.65 Mcal NEl/kg DM for the last 4 wk prior to calving.…”

Section: Post-fresh Transition Cowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Dry and Transition Cows to Improve Energy Balance and Reproduction

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Fertility of dairy cows has decreased for the past several decades. Measures of energy balance (EB; e.g. change in EB, EB nadir, cumulative negative EB, or duration of negative EB) are related to reproductive performance. Our research group has concluded that modification of diets fed during the dry or transition period are unlikely to have significant effects on postpartum EB and fertility. Rather, more radical alterations in dairy management are needed if energy status of postpartum cows is to be improved. We have examined the potential to alter EB by shortening or eliminating the dry period. In an initial study, the effects of a 56, 28, and 0 d dry period on ovarian dynamics and reproductive performance of dairy cows were examined. Postpartum EB was improved by reducing the dry period; however, only significantly for the 0 d dry period. Cows on the 0 d dry period did not experience negative EB. Improvements in EB were a reflection of lower milk production and greater feed intake. Consistent with the improvements in EB, time to first ovulation and first service, first service conception rate, services per conception, and days open were all improved by reduction of dry period length. Because small animal numbers were used in the study, a second study was conducted on a commercial dairy with many more animals to determine if results from the initial trial could be duplicated. A comparison was made between a 55 and 34 d dry period. Shortening the dry period resulted in fewer days to first ovulation, fewer days open, and a greater percentage of cows pregnant at 150 days in milk, although the improvements in the latter two variables were only significant for cows in their third or greater lactation. A current study is being performed in a large commercial dairy to examine the effects of eliminating the dry period on reproduction utilizing a large commercial dairy. Key words: Energy balance, Transition cows, Reproduction, Dry period length (J. Reprod. Dev. 56: S22-S28, 2010) ertility has decreased for the past several decades during a period when there have also been dramatic changes in management, nutrition, milk production, and genetics in commercial dairy operations [1][2][3]. Energy balance has probably the bestestablished nutritional relationship with reproductive performance. Energy balance is the difference between energy consumed and energy required for maintenance, pregnancy and milk production. Postpartum EB is more closely related to energy consumed than milk yield [4,5]. Deficiencies in minerals, vitamins, or amino acids can adversely affect reproductive performance, but unlike energy, those deficiencies can be corrected relatively easily by increasing density of the nutrient in the diet. In contrast, there are limits to energy density of diets fed to dairy cattle. Feeding additional grain or fat, in an attempt to increase dietary energy density, can adversely affect feed intake, digestive processes, or both. Therefore, increasing energy intake by dairy cattle is very difficult to achieve. The ...

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Effects of Pre- and Postfresh Transition Diets Varying in Dietary Energy Density on Metabolic Status of Periparturient Dairy Cows

Cited by 58 publications

References 34 publications

Energy intake in late gestation affects blood metabolites in early lactation independently of milk production in dairy cows

Energy intake in late gestation affects blood metabolites in early lactation independently of milk production in dairy cows

Non-structural carbohydrates in the nutrition of high-yielding dairy cows during a transition period

Management of Dry and Transition Cows to Improve Energy Balance and Reproduction

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