Effects of precarious work on symptomatology of anxiety and depression in Chilean workers, a cross sectional study

Abstract

Background Precarious work is a broad definition for non-standard employment, often including unstable and insecure positions where workers permanently experience uncertainty; these types of jobs are growing steadily around the planet. Since the coup d’état in 1973, Chile has experienced a series of structural economic changes framed by neoliberal ideas cemented in the “Constitution of Pinochet.” Precarious work in Chile is a direct consequence of these ideas. This multidimensional phenomenon has progressively been entering employment areas where it was not previously present. As a result, there has been a rise in work precarization and its full impact on health is not well known. The goal of this study was to estimate the association of work precariousness with mental health outcomes in Chilean workers. Methods Data were obtained from the Chilean Survey of Work and Health 2009–2010 (ENETS). Only valid records of salaried workers (excluding hourly-only or commission-only workers) in the private sector without missing values were included (n = 1900). After applying appropriate sampling weights, 1,461,727 workers were represented. Mental health was estimated as anxiety/depression levels using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A multilevel multivariate generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with negative binomial and log link distribution was used to study the association between precariousness and depression/anxiety. Results Looking at the overall precariousness scale (range from zero to four), we observed an increase of approximately 34% in the depression/anxiety score (scale range from 0 to 36) for every unit on the precarious work overall scale (Relative Risk = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.28, 1.42) controlling for age, sex, and occupational group. Conclusion Precarious work was associated with anxiety and depression as measured with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Controlling for demographic variables changed neither the direction nor the magnitude of the association.

Analgésicos organizacionales: Una herramienta de gestión del management funcionalista

“…Cadenas (2016) señaló que el paradigma funcionalista ha sido el enfoque dominante en el management, tanto en las escuelas de negocio como en las decisiones de los directivos. Consecuencia de ello es que para lograr más rentabilidad, a muchos gerentes no les importa contaminar ríos, hacer competencia desleal o pagar bajos salarios (Martino, 2022) (Hernández, 2021) (Bhattacharya & Ray, 2021;López et al, 2021). Tal como se indicó en la "Introducción", el dolor que se investigó no es fisiológico sino ese malestar, desazón, estrés o sufrimiento que un sujeto puede identificar a causa de su trabajo ligado a una organización.…”

“…Tal como se indicó en la "Introducción", el dolor que se investigó no es fisiológico sino ese malestar, desazón, estrés o sufrimiento que un sujeto puede identificar a causa de su trabajo ligado a una organización. Un ejemplo de estos malestares es lo que Han (2020) denomina la presión para producir, mientras que otros dolores devienen de la precariedad en el trabajo (Sharma, 2022;Palma-Vasquez et al, 2022;López et al, 2021;Haro et al, 2020).…”

Aproximación a un índice de precariedad laboral en Colombia

“…Bhattacharya y Ray (2021) encontraron en su estudio que los trabajadores que demostraban mayor precariedad eran más propensos a experimentar más incapacidades debido a problemas sociales. Asimismo, López et al (2021) analizaron los efectos del trabajo precario en temas como la ansiedad y la depresión en trabajadores chilenos. Otros estudios en este campo son los de Haro Jiménez (2020) y Kawada (2018) en los que se revelan los síntomas de depresión vinculados directamente a las lógicas del denominado trabajo temporal.…”

Race, Marginalization, and Perceptions of Stress Among Workers Worldwide Post‐2020

“…Further, global research has found that women, older workers, low‐income workers, and people of color have faced more significant job losses—another harbinger of stress—than their peers (Crayne, 2020; Dang and Viet Nguyen, 2021; Kantamneni, 2020; Saenz and Sparks, 2020). As research has consistently found that uncertainty and precarious working conditions harm mental health (Glavin, Bierman, and Schieman, 2021; Karl et al., 2020; Lopez et al., 2021), those who have faced uncertainty in the last two years may be especially at risk of stress both on the job and more holistically. Furthermore, adverse mental health stressors associated with work precarity can relate to physical health consequences in the long term—such as an increased risk of heart disease, for example (Ahn et al., 2019).…”