Effects of Precursor on Preparation and Properties of Nano-Crystalline Hopcalite Particles

Abstract

X-ray diffraction techniques used to determine the structural properties of hopcalite nanoparticles. A mixture of hopcalite and its constituents can be prepared by ceramic method at 800 °C for 5 h. The spinel structure of hopcalite (Cu-Mn-O) confirms by infrared measurements. The copper precursors affect the formation and different properties of hopcalite. Solid state reaction between CuO resulted from copper nitrate with Mn2O3 obtained from manganese carbonate brought about formation of spinel Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 compound with subsequent formation of both Mn2O3 and CuO. On the other hand, using of copper chloride as a source of CuO led to formation of both CuMn2O4 and Mn2O3. The results showed that the change of precursor led to different changes in the structural properties of hopcalite solid including the crystallite size, lattice constant, unit cell volume, X-ray density, the distance between the reacting ions, ionic radii and bond lengths on tetrahedral and octahedral sites involved in the spinel structure.

Fabrication of Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 Nanoparticles Using One Step Self-Assembling Route to Enhance Energy Consumption

“…In our previous work, the solid state reaction between both copper nitrate and manganese carbonate resulted in the production of a Cu 1.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 spinel compound with the subsequent formation of both Mn 2 O 3 and CuO. In the same way, the use of copper chloride as a CuO source brought about the formation of both CuMn 2 O 4 and Mn 2 O 3 [15]. Researchers have focused on the synthesis of such a compound by the fusion of copper with manganese metals or by the coprecipitation technique of certain modifications to avoid such a challenge [15][16][17][18].…”

“…In the same way, the use of copper chloride as a CuO source brought about the formation of both CuMn 2 O 4 and Mn 2 O 3 [15]. Researchers have focused on the synthesis of such a compound by the fusion of copper with manganese metals or by the coprecipitation technique of certain modifications to avoid such a challenge [15][16][17][18]. The high concentration of Cu + and Mn 4+ cations in Cu 1.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 solid could activate O 2 and NO x in the diesel exhaust and convert these gases to NO 2 , so this solid is expected to be quite favorable for diesel soot combustion [18].…”

“…Towards the production of copper-manganese mixed oxides, different preparation techniques have been employed. Co-precipitation, deposition-precipitation, impregnation, sol-gel, solvothermal and combustion methods include such techniques [12][13][14][15]. It is reported that due to Jahn-Teller distortion, the crystal structure of manganese-based spinels, such as spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 ), often has a tetragonal unit cell, but under certain preparation conditions it can become cubic [16].…”

MgFe2O4‐Supported Ru Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis: Promotive Effect of Chlorine

“…Deraz et al. also observed such redistribution of the elements during the formation of MgFe 2 O 4 solid solution, realizing a higher concentration of Mg on the surface, while Fe and O were present in higher concentration in bulk . This elemental rearrangement of MgFe 2 O 4 under acidic environment is assumed as a plausible reason for the stability of the Ru catalyst against Cl poisoning, giving higher activity for ammonia synthesis.…”

Cu1.5Mn1.5O4spinel: a novel anode material for lithium-ion batteries

“…[1][2][3][4][5] The theoretical capacity of a typical anode, graphite, is 372 mA h g À1 (for LiC 6 ) and the practical capacity is 300-320 mA h g À1 . 6 Studies have been reported on the compounds with the formula MCo 2 O 4 (M ¼ Ni, 7 Mn, 8 Fe, 9 Cu 10 or Mg 11 ), MFe 2 O 4 (M ¼ Co, 12 Ni, 13 [17][18][19] So far, few studies have focused on this material, and especially its electrochemical performance, when applied in LIBs. 5 Much effort has been committed to the investigation of high capacity anode materials for LIBs.…”