Effects of preharvest irrigation cutoff durations and postharvest water deprivation on almond tree performance

Goldhamer, David A.; Viveros, Mario

doi:10.1007/s002710000013

Cited by 112 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Taking into account our results and previous research reporting negative long-term effects following deficit irrigation (Goldhamer and Viveros, 2000;Ebel et al, 2001;Alegre et al, 2002;Girona et al, 2005), it seems appropriate to make a distinction between the effects of water stress on fruit growth in the current growing season and the carry-over effects of water stress. The effects of water stress on fruit growth during the current growing season may be related with factors impairing fruit growth recovery after re-establishing full irrigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of peach trees to regulated deficit irrigation during stage 2 of fruit development and summer pruning

López

Arbonés

Campo

et al. 2008

Span. j. agric. res.

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Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) during stage II of fruit development and summer pruning (watersprout removal, WSR) can be used to control excessive vegetative growth in high-density peach orchards. The dynamics of tree-light interception after the application of RDI (no irrigation during stage II) and WSR in summer were evaluated during two consecutive years. RDI and WSR treatments produced similar reductions in the percentage of light intercepted by the tree at the end of the 2-year experiment. However, it was not possible to produce the same seasonal dynamics in the percentage of light intercepted by the tree using the RDI and the WSR techniques; RDI trees showed a gradual reduction in the amount of light intercepted as the productive cycle progressed, while WSR trees showed an immediate reduction in the amount of light intercepted. Moreover, the mechanisms responsible for vegetative growth reduction were different in the RDI and the WSR techniques. The RDI technique was associated with reductions in tree water status and decreases in gravimetric soil water (θg) and fruit growth capacity. RDI may have reduced θg below the threshold required for optimum fruit growth, whereas WSR reduced water consumption, improved water status and therefore could have benefited fruit growth. Therefore, RDI and WSR greatly differ when the mechanisms responsible for vegetative growth reduction are taken into consideration.Additional key words: crop load, fruit quality, light interception, Prunus persica L. Batsch, soil water, stem water potential, water stress. ResumenRespuestas del melocotonero al riego deficitario controlado durante la fase II de crecimiento del fruto y a la poda de verano El riego deficitario controlado (RDI) durante la fase II de crecimiento del fruto y la poda de chupones en verano (WSR) podrían usarse para controlar el exceso de crecimiento vegetativo en plantaciones de melocotonero de alta densidad. Se estudió el papel de la reducción en la radiación interceptada por el árbol tras la aplicación de un RDI durante la fase II (supresión total de riego) y la WSR durante dos años consecutivos. Ambas técnicas produjeron una reducción similar en la radiación interceptada por el árbol al final del experimento. Sin embargo, la dinámica estacional de la radiación interceptada por el árbol fue diferente entre WSR y RDI. La WSR produjo una disminución inmediata en el porcentaje de radiación interceptada por el árbol, mientras que el RDI produjo una disminución paulatina a medida que avanzó la campaña. Además, los mecanismos promotores de la reducción del crecimiento vegetativo fueron diferentes. El RDI afectó negativamente al estado hídrico del árbol, a la cantidad gravimétrica de agua en el suelo (θg) y al crecimiento del fruto. Mientras que el RDI parece reducir el θg por debajo del umbral necesario para obtener un crecimiento de fruto óptimo, una disminución en el consumo de agua tras la WSR habría mejorado el estado hídrico del árbol para finalmente beneficiar el crecimiento del fruto. Aunque el RDI y l...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of peach trees to regulated deficit irrigation during stage 2 of fruit development and summer pruning

López

Arbonés

Campo

et al. 2008

Span. j. agric. res.

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show abstract

“…Different deficit irrigation options (regulated deficit irrigation, RDI; sustained deficit irrigation, SDI; and partial root zone drying, PRD), including their impact at different growth stages of almond (Girona et al, 2005;Goldhamer and Viveros, 2000;Romero et al, 2004;Goldhamer et al, 2006;Egea et al, 2010;Puerto et al, 2013) have been extensively studied over the almond growing season (Nortes et al, 2009;Egea et al, 2013;Monks et al, 2017). These investigations highlighted the impact of reduced water applications on various physiological parameters, kernel size, and kernel yield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil water and salinity dynamics under sprinkler irrigated almond exposed to a varied salinity stress at different growth stages

Phogat

Pitt

Cox

et al. 2018

Agricultural Water Management

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“…Health of spurs is also a function of total canopy light interception and good light distribution with the tree canopy . It is clearly important to select cultivars with the ability to produce large numbers of flowers (Kodad and Socias i Company 2008) and have crop management practices (especially proper irrigation and fertilization) aimed at limiting abiotic stresses during the vegetative season (Esparza et al 2001;Goldhamer and Smith 1995;Goldhamer and Viveros 2000).…”

Section: Maximizing Productive Spursmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield in almond is related more to the abundance of flowers than the relative number of flowers that set fruit

Tombesi¹,

Lampinen²,

Metcalf³

et al. 2016

Calif Agr

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Bruce LampinenYield in almond is related more to the abundance of flowers than the relative number of flowers that set fruit by Sergio Tombesi, Bruce D. Lampinen, Samuel Metcalf and Theodore M. DeJongAlmond tree yield is a function of the number of flowers on a tree and the percentage of flowers that set fruit. Almonds are borne on spurs (short proleptic shoots that can have both leaves and flowers). Almond tree spur dynamics research has documented that previous year spur leaf area is a predictive parameter for year-to-year spur survival, spur flowering and to a lesser extent spur fruiting, while previous year fruit bearing has a negative impact on subsequent year flowering. However, a question remained about whether yields are more dependent on flower numbers or relative fruit set of the flowers that are present. The aim of the present work was to compare the importance of flower abundance with that of relative fruit set in determining the productivity of a population of tagged spurs in almond trees over a 6-year period. Overall tree yield among years was more sensitive to total number of flowers on a tree rather than relative fruit set. These results emphasize the importance of maintaining large populations of healthy flowering spurs for sustained high production in almond orchards.A lmond is the most important tree nut crop in California in terms of acreage and production value (USDA NASS 2015). Grower attention has been focused on increasing orchard yields for decades (Kester and Griggs 1959) and research efforts have been aimed at improving almond orchard productivity through the optimization of all variables involved in nut production. Fundamentally, almond tree yields are the product of the number of kernels produced per tree and kernel weights. Of these two factors, the number of kernels is the most important (Reidel et al. 2001) since kernel weight is generally not a factor of paramount importance for growers (Spiegel-Roy and Weinbaum 1985).The reproductive process in almond trees involves two years from flower bud induction to fruit set and fruit maturity. In this process the number of flowers borne and the number of flowers that set fruit determines the final kernel yield per tree. Fruit set in almond is strongly influenced by presence of pollinizer cultivars, insect pollinators and by climatic conditions affecting pollen viability, germination and pollinator activity (Corbet 1990;Dulberger et al. 1994;Eisikowitch et al. 1991;Gradziel and Weinbaum 1999;Hedhly et al. 2007;Kozlowski and Pallardy 2002;Ortega et al. 2007;Thorp 1996;Tombesi et al. 2010;Vasilakakis and Porlingis 1985;Weinbaum et al. 1984) in addition to general tree health.In 1959, Kester and Griggs stated that "the question often arises as to whether or not the fruit set for specific almond orchards could be increased by using more bees and pollinizers to effect more complete cross pollination". Mean relative Results from spur dynamic studies indicate that maximizing healthy populations of productive spurs is key to optimizing yields. Res...

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Effects of preharvest irrigation cutoff durations and postharvest water deprivation on almond tree performance

Cited by 112 publications

References 8 publications

Response of peach trees to regulated deficit irrigation during stage 2 of fruit development and summer pruning

Response of peach trees to regulated deficit irrigation during stage 2 of fruit development and summer pruning

Soil water and salinity dynamics under sprinkler irrigated almond exposed to a varied salinity stress at different growth stages

Yield in almond is related more to the abundance of flowers than the relative number of flowers that set fruit

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