Effects of Prenatal Ethanol Exposure on Basal Limbic–Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Regulation: Role of Corticosterone

Glavas, Maria M.; Ellis, Linda; Yu, Wayne; Weinberg, Joanne

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00460.x

Cited by 68 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Similar to our findings, other studies utilizing pair feeding or sham pair feeding controls in fetal alcohol exposure models have observed effects of the PF conditions on both the HPA axis and the neuroimmune system that overlap with the effects observed in AF conditions (Boschen et al, 2016;Glavas et al, 2007). In addition, preconception stress and diet alterations have been shown to affect offspring (Leshem and Schulkin, 2012;Li et al, 2010;McGowan et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Preconception Alcohol Increases Offspring Vulnerability to Stress

Jabbar

Chastain

Gangisetty

et al. 2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The effect of preconception drinking by the mother on the life-long health outcomes of her children is not known, and therefore, in this study using an animal model, we determined the impact of preconception alcohol drinking of the mother on offspring stress response during adulthood. In our preconception alcohol exposure model, adult female rats were fed with 6.7% alcohol in their diet for 4 weeks, went without alcohol for 3 weeks and were bred to generate male and female offspring. Preconception alcohol-exposed offsprings' birth weight, body growth, stress response, anxiety-like behaviors, and changes in stress regulatory gene and protein hormone levels were evaluated. In addition, roles of epigenetic mechanisms in preconception alcohol effects were determined. Alcohol feeding three weeks prior to conception significantly affected pregnancy outcomes of female rats, with respect to delivery period and birth weight of offspring, without affecting maternal care behaviors. Preconception alcohol negatively affected offspring adult health, producing an increased stress hormone response to an immune challenge. In addition, preconception alcohol was associated with changes in expression and methylation profiles of stress regulatory genes in various brain areas. These changes in stress regulatory genes were normalized following treatment with a DNA methylation blocker during the postnatal period. These data highlight the novel possibility that preconception alcohol affects the inheritance of stress-related diseases possibly by epigenetic mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Preconception Alcohol Increases Offspring Vulnerability to Stress

Jabbar

Chastain

Gangisetty

et al. 2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…In addicted patients, the daily rhythm of glucocorticoids is clearly affected. As repeatedly reported, levels of glucocorticoids display dampened rhythms and are often highly elevated throughout the day (Glavas, Ellis, Yu, & Weinberg, 2007; Loosen et al, 1993; Loosen, Chambliss, Pavlou, & Orth, 1991; Sarkar, 2012; Wong & Schumann, 2012). Thus, the rhythmic function of the adrenal gland is altered in abstinent alcoholics (Loosen et al, 1991, 1993; Uhart & Wand, 2009).…”

Section: Dysregulation Of the Stress Axis In Aud And Sudsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Clock genes × stress × reward interactions in alcohol and substance use disorders

Perreau-Lenz

Spanagel

2015

Alcohol

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Adverse life events and highly stressful environments have deleterious consequences for mental health. Those environmental factors can potentiate alcohol and drug abuse in vulnerable individuals carrying specific genetic risk factors, hence producing the final risk for alcohol- and substance-use disorders development. The nature of these genes remains to be fully determined, but studies indicate their direct or indirect relation to the stress hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and/or reward systems. Over the past decade, clock genes have been revealed to be key-players in influencing acute and chronic alcohol/drug effects. In parallel, the influence of chronic stress and stressful life events in promoting alcohol and substance use and abuse has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the reciprocal interaction of clock genes with various HPA-axis components, as well as the evidence for an implication of clock genes in stress-induced alcohol abuse, have led to the idea that clock genes, and Period genes in particular, may represent key genetic factors to consider when examining gene × environment interaction in the etiology of addiction. The aim of the present review is to summarize findings linking clock genes, stress, and alcohol and substance abuse, and to propose potential underlying neurobiological mechanisms.

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“…A number of laboratories have found no difference between males and females exposed to fetal alcohol in the stimulated release of adrenocorticotropin-releasing hormone [92][93][94], which would suggest that the hypersensitivity to stress that the animals express is the result of altered negative feedback in the brain. In fact, fetal alcohol exposure dysregulates the 'stress axis' by altering gene expression including pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin gene transcripts and beta-endorphin expression in the brain [77,95,96], both of which are changed to a greater extent in males than in females. These effects are similar in the human literature as well.…”

Section: Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

An examination of sex differences in the effects of early-life opiate and alcohol exposure

Terasaki¹,

Gomez²,

Schwarz³

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 16 to a theme issue 'Multifaceted origins of sex differences in the brain'. Early-life exposure to drugs and alcohol is one of the most preventable causes of developmental, behavioural and learning disorders in children. Thus a significant amount of basic, animal and human research has focused on understanding the behavioural consequences and the associated neural effects of exposure to drugs and alcohol during early brain development. Despite this, much of the previous research that has been done on this topic has used predominantly male subjects or rodents. While many of the findings from these male-specific studies may ultimately apply to females, the purpose of this review is to highlight the research that has also examined sex as a factor and found striking differences between the sexes in their response to early-life opiate and alcohol exposure. Finally, we will also provide a framework for scientists interested in examining sex as a factor in future experiments that specifically examine the consequences of early-life drug and alcohol exposure.

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Effects of Prenatal Ethanol Exposure on Basal Limbic–Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Regulation: Role of Corticosterone

Cited by 68 publications

References 82 publications

Preconception Alcohol Increases Offspring Vulnerability to Stress

Preconception Alcohol Increases Offspring Vulnerability to Stress

Clock genes × stress × reward interactions in alcohol and substance use disorders

An examination of sex differences in the effects of early-life opiate and alcohol exposure

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