Effects of Prenatal Stress on Behavior, Cognition, and Psychopathology: A Comprehensive Review

Jagtap, Aniket; Jagtap, Balasaheb; Jagtap, Rajlaxmi; Lamture, Yashwant; Gomase, Kavita

doi:10.7759/cureus.47044

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 73 publications

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“…The developing brain of a fetus is highly susceptible to the intrauterine environment, making it particularly vulnerable to the impact of maternal psychological disorders (Fitzgerald, Hor, & Drake, 2020). Prenatal exposure to chronic stress, common in mothers with psychological disorders, can disrupt the delicate balance of neurodevelopmental processes (Jagtap, Jagtap, Jagtap, Lamture, & Gomase, 2023). Elevated levels of stress hormones, such as cortisol, may adversely affect the formation of neural circuits critical for cognitive functions like memory, attention, and problemsolving.…”

Section: Maternal Psychological Disorders and Neurodevelopmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Perinatal-Provoked Psychological Disorders: Adverse Impact on School-Age Children, Neurodevelopment, Education, and Intervention Strategies

Kerna,

Pruitt,

Carsrud

et al. 2024

EJCEEL

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This review explores the relationship between maternal psychological disorders and their impact on a child’s academic performance. Maternal conditions such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder can disrupt neurodevelopmental processes during pregnancy, affecting the formation of crucial neural circuits for cognitive functions. The consequences extend into early childhood, with compromised maternal-infant interactions leading to challenges in forming secure attachments and, subsequently, cognitive and attentional difficulties.As children enter formal education, the repercussions intensify, with an increased risk of academic underachievement, learning disabilities, and behavioral problems. Genetic predispositions and environmental factors, including inconsistent routines and limited parental involvement, further exacerbate academic challenges. Interventions, including early identification and multidisciplinary collaboration, emerge as crucial strategies.Psychoeducation programs aimed at reducing stigma and enhancing awareness can foster a supportive community for early intervention.The review also addresses the prevalence and impact of psychological disorders during pregnancy, emphasizing depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Biological and psychosocial factors contribute to their development, affecting maternal health, fetal development, and prenatal care. The impact extends to the child, manifesting in neonatal and developmental effects. Resources and treatment options, including counseling and psychotherapy, are discussed, along with the limitations and challenges in current practices.Diagnosis of psychological disorders during pregnancy involves recognizing clinical indications, utilizing screening tools, and integrating mental health assessments into prenatal care. The role of healthcare providers, educators, and community support networks is highlighted, emphasizing a collaborative approach. Limitations, challenges, and considerations for future research are explored, advocating for improved access to mental health resources and addressing socioeconomic and cultural disparities. The conclusion underscores the urgency of addressing maternal psychological disorders, urging comprehensive, evidence-based interventions and collaborative efforts for better outcomes in maternal mental healthcare.

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Section: Maternal Psychological Disorders and Neurodevelopmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Perinatal-Provoked Psychological Disorders: Adverse Impact on School-Age Children, Neurodevelopment, Education, and Intervention Strategies

Kerna,

Pruitt,

Carsrud

et al. 2024

EJCEEL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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The Relationship Between Prenatal, Perinatal, and Postnatal Factors and ADHD: The Role of Nutrition, Diet, and Stress

Al‐Gailani,

Al‐Kaleel

2024

Developmental Psychobiology

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Attention‐Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral syndrome affecting children aged 6–17 with symptoms manifesting before age 12. ADHD presents heterogeneously and is associated with various psychiatric disorders. The cause remains elusive, but genetic and environmental factors, brain region maturation delays, and neurotransmitter dysregulation are implicated. Effective treatment requires a multi‐disciplinary approach, primarily involving pharmacological and behavioral intervention. Stimulants like methylphenidate and amphetamines are first‐line medications, but non‐stimulants may be considered for some patients. However, stimulants face challenges related to misuse, dependence, and long‐term tolerability issues. The etiology of ADHD involved genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. Prenatal causes encompass maternal diet, alcohol consumption, viral infections, and stress. Postnatal factors include head trauma, meningitis, toxin, nutritional deficiencies, as well as iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism. The gut microbiome's role in ADHD is emerging, influencing neurodevelopment through microbiota–gut–brain axis. Understanding these diverse etiological factors is essential for comprehensive ADHD management.

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Interventional Strategies to Mitigate Maternal Stress and Enhance Coping Skills During Neonatal Admission Into Intensive Care Units in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Scoping Review

Siva,

Velayudhan,

Nayak

et al. 2024

Nursing Open

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BackgroundMothers of high‐risk neonates experience tremendous stress during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. This stress has a negative impact on mothers' participation in neonatal care activities, psychological health and coping skills in the NICU.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of interventional strategies to reduce maternal stress and enhance coping skills during neonatal admission to the NICU.DesignA scoping review was carried out following the methodological framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley.MethodsThis scoping review was conducted as per the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, including a quality appraisal checklist for randomised and nonrandomised controlled trials. Patterns, advances, gaps, evidence for practice and research recommendations from the review (PAGER framework) were used to report the results. The following international databases were used to search for primary articles: Medline via PubMed, EBSCOhost via CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and the ProQuest Medical Library. Original studies published in English between January 2011 and January 2023 from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) that assessed maternal stress and coping skills during neonatal NICU admission were included in the review.ResultsThe review included 15 articles from LMICs, of which 60% were from middle‐income, 25% were from lower‐middle‐income and 15% were from low‐income countries. Interventional strategies were described under five categories. Maternal stress decreased significantly across all three subscales of the PSPS: ‘sight and sound’, ‘baby looks and behavior’ and ‘parental relationship with baby and role alteration’ during neonatal NICU admission. Interventional strategies involving family‐centred care and emotional and psychological supportive care have been reported to have a consistently positive impact on alleviating maternal stress and enhancing coping skills in the NICU.ConclusionHealthcare professionals, especially nurses, are pivotal in promptly recognising maternal stress and NICU stressors. The participation of mothers in neonatal care, such as through family‐centred care and emotional support interventions, significantly reduces maternal stress and enhances coping skills.

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Effects of Prenatal Stress on Behavior, Cognition, and Psychopathology: A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 6 publications

References 73 publications

Maternal Perinatal-Provoked Psychological Disorders: Adverse Impact on School-Age Children, Neurodevelopment, Education, and Intervention Strategies

Maternal Perinatal-Provoked Psychological Disorders: Adverse Impact on School-Age Children, Neurodevelopment, Education, and Intervention Strategies

The Relationship Between Prenatal, Perinatal, and Postnatal Factors and ADHD: The Role of Nutrition, Diet, and Stress

Interventional Strategies to Mitigate Maternal Stress and Enhance Coping Skills During Neonatal Admission Into Intensive Care Units in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Scoping Review

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