Effects of Prenatal X-Irradiation on Activity, Emotionality, and Maze-Learning Ability in the Rat

Werboff, Jack; Havlena, Joan; Sikov, M.R.

doi:10.2307/3571080

Cited by 63 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Werboff et al (1961), on the other hand, demonstrated that prenatal x-irradiation of rats leads to ataxia, tremor, a retardation of the upright and righting responses and an inability to develop appropriate locomotor responses with the hind legs. A generalized depression in activity also occurs (Werboff et al, 1962). Pulliam (1967) prenatally beta-irradiated rats and found a loss of motor coordination, increased tremors, swaying, and head wagging with various lesions occurring in the brains he examined.…”

Section: Detection Arousal and Activity Changesmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON THE BEHAVIOR OF ANIMALS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. Appendix to 1972 Progress Report.

Preston¹

1972

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Detection Arousal and Activity Changesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…They found no interaction of the age at testing with irradiation. Werboff et al (1962) found that rats which were prenatally irradiated at low levels showed improved learning ability in females irradiated early and decreased learning ability in those irradiated late. All males showed facilitation in maze learning ability.…”

Section: Operant Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 98%

EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON THE BEHAVIOR OF ANIMALS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. Appendix to 1972 Progress Report.

Preston¹

1972

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…However, there were conflicting results with alterations in the emotionality of irradiated rats. Werboff et al (1962) found that rats exposed to 20-100 rad of Xradiation between days 10 and 20 of gestation behaved less emotionally in the open field. Thus, the effect of prenatal radiation exposure on avoidance learning may have given rise to other interpretations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Avoidance Learning Deficits in Prenatally Gamma‐Ray Irradiated Rats

Tamaki

Hoshino

Kameyama

1989

Congenital Anomalies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pregnant female rats of the Fischer344 (F344/Du Crj) strain were exposed to gamma-ray radiation of 1.46Gy on day 15 of gestation (vaginal plug = day 0). When male offspring of control and irradiated dams matured, they were trained with various avoidance conditioning paradigms. In the avoidance acquisition paradigm in which one of the tone-on and lights-off signals was presented with predetermined random sequences, the irradiated group had lower overall rates of active avoidance responding than controls. In the go/no-go (active-passive) discrimination avoidance paradigm after rats learned only active avoidance responses to these two different signals, irradiated rats established stable active avoidance rates under the go (tone-on) signal, while they decreased gradually the rate of passive avoidance responding to the no-go (lights-off) signal as the amount of discrimination training increased. In the standard avoidance acquisition paradigm in which only the lights-off signal was used, the irradiated group also was inferior in active avoidance learning to controls. However, the irradiated group showed a high level of anticipatory responding, which was maintained in avoidance conditioning paradigms even though no shock-avoidance contingency was operating. These results indicated that poor associative ability for the warning signal and the shock might result in the active avoidance learning deficits in irradiated rats, and that active responding was more persistent and passive responding declined due to response excitation within a shock paradigm over the subsequent further training.

show abstract

“…For those unfamiliar with behavioral evaluations, however, it may seem surprising that "learning" scores also vary in both directions after teratogenic treatments. For example, after very early x-irradiation maze performance was improved, rather than disrupted (22). There are several examples of faster "learning" of active avoidance after middle-and late-period insults.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is evident not only in anatomy (4,12), but in the behavioral effects of the same treatment delivered at different stages (20)(21)(22)(23). In fact, with a wide variety of teratogens, the behavioral effects are so dependent on the time of administration that many studies show very similar effects if the time variable is controlled (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical periods for behavioral anomalies in mice.

Rodier¹

1976

Environ Health Perspect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

hile mice have been used less frequently than rats in behavioral research, their use has some advantages in teratological studies. The development of the mouse CNS has been investigated more extensively than that of the rat. Since time of insult has been found to be an important factor in effects on both anatomy and behavior, data on the sequence of events in CNS development are valuable in planning and interpreting behavioral assessments of potential teratogens. A comparison of studies in mice and rats suggests that behavioral effects of teratogens are similar in the two species and demonstrates that mice can be used successfully in a variety of behavioral evaluations.The traditional use of mice in embryology has provided data that make the species desirable for teratological studies. When the teratological assessment involves behavior, however, many investigators perfer rats, mainly because there is such a wealth of behavioral data available for the second species. Rats do tend to be more vigorous, easier to train, and much easier to handle. The latter qualities can be important to the experimenter in studies where animals receive many trials, but such differences do not prohibit the use of mice, they only serve to explain why rats have been used more often. The thesis of this paper is that mice should not be considered poor subjects for behavioral studies. In fact, there are enough data available to indicate that teratogenic effects on behavior are quite similar in the two species.For those interested in correlating behavioral deficits with alterations of the CNS, mice present one special advantage: the development of the mouse CNS has been studied more extensively than that of the rat. The idea that there are critical periods in development for the production of particular abnormalities is hardly new. Wilson (1) has described periods of peak sensitivity for several systems. The stages when interference

show abstract

Effects of Prenatal X-Irradiation on Activity, Emotionality, and Maze-Learning Ability in the Rat

Cited by 63 publications

References 10 publications

EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON THE BEHAVIOR OF ANIMALS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. Appendix to 1972 Progress Report.

EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON THE BEHAVIOR OF ANIMALS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. Appendix to 1972 Progress Report.

Avoidance Learning Deficits in Prenatally Gamma‐Ray Irradiated Rats

Critical periods for behavioral anomalies in mice.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About