Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference and source of vitamin D in dairy cows: Vitamin D, mineral, and bone metabolism

Rodney, R.M.; Martínez, Natalia; Block, E.; Hernández, Laura; Celi, Pietro; Nelson, Corwin D.; Santos, J.E.P.; Lean, I.J.

doi:10.3168/jds.2017-13737

Cited by 73 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Negative Mg balance before and after parturition has been reported by Rodney et al (2018) with a decrease of plasma Mg postpartum and slow recovery within some 12 days, supporting the suggestion of a challenge of Mg metabolism during this phase and highlighting the problems associated with the lack of specific regulatory mechanisms for Mg homoeostasis.…”

Section: Recommendations Of Gfe (2001) Assessment According To Equatimentioning

confidence: 75%

Assessment of magnesium intake according to requirement in dairy cows

Martens

Stumpff

2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To date, no specific hormonal regulation system has been identified for homoeostatic control of the essential mineral Mg. In cattle, the maintenance of physiological plasma Mg concentration depends on gastrointestinal absorption, primarily from the rumen, which serves as a pool for covering the requirement. Whereas a possible surplus (absorption greater than requirement) is rapidly excreted by the kidneys, a shortage (absorption lower than requirement) cannot be compensated for by mobilization from the large Mg pool in bones or soft tissue, so that the maintenance of the necessary physiological Mg concentration in plasma relies on continuous and sufficient absorption. Our knowledge concerning the site and mechanisms of Mg absorption has improved during the last few decades, and meta‐analyses of the absorption of Mg in dairy cows have shown that the K content has a pronounced negative effect on Mg digestibility. The current recommendations of Mg intake propose a constant percentage of Mg and emphasize the depressive effect of high potassium (K) intake on Mg absorption. The current knowledge about the antagonism between K intake and Mg absorption allows a more flexible solution which includes the K content of the diet. An assessment of Mg intake is proposed that incorporates the improved knowledge of Mg absorption, metabolism and requirement. Within this framework, an equation is derived that allows a prediction of the amount of Mg required to compensate for dietary K content, the goal being to avoid both possible undernutrition or an unnecessary surplus of dietary Mg.

show abstract

Section: Recommendations Of Gfe (2001) Assessment According To Equatimentioning

confidence: 75%

Assessment of magnesium intake according to requirement in dairy cows

Martens

Stumpff

2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is 1 of a series of 3 companion papers (Martinez et al, 2018;Rodney et al, 2018). The University of Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved all procedures involving cows in the experiment under the protocol number 201408331.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference and source of vitamin D in dairy cows: Health and reproductive responses

Martínez

Rodney

Block³

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objectives of the experiment were to evaluate the effects of feeding diets with distinct dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) levels and supplemented with 2 sources of vitamin D during the prepartum transition period on postpartum health and reproduction in dairy cows. The hypotheses were that feeding acidogenic diets prepartum would reduce the risk of hypocalcemia and other diseases, and the benefits of a negative DCAD treatment on health would be potentiated by supplementing calcidiol compared with cholecalciferol. Cows at 252 d of gestation were blocked by parity (28 nulliparous and 52 parous cows) and milk yield within parous cows, and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial, with 2 levels of DCAD, positive (+130 mEq/kg) or negative (-130 mEq/kg), and 2 sources of vitamin D, cholecalciferol or calcidiol, fed at 3 mg for each 11 kg of diet dry matter. The resulting treatment combinations were positive DCAD with cholecalciferol (PCH), positive DCAD with calcidiol (PCA), negative DCAD with cholecalciferol (NCH), and negative DCAD with calcidiol (NCA), which were fed from 252 d of gestation to calving. After calving, cows were fed the same lactation diet supplemented with cholecalciferol at 0.70 mg for every 20 kg of dry matter. Blood was sampled 7 d before parturition, and at 2 and 7 d postpartum to evaluate cell counts and measures of neutrophil function. Postpartum clinical and subclinical diseases and reproductive responses were evaluated. Feeding a diet with negative DCAD eliminated clinical hypocalcemia (23.1 vs. 0%) and drastically reduced the incidence and daily risk of subclinical hypocalcemia, and these effects were observed in the first 48 to 72 h after calving. The diet with negative DCAD tended to improve the intensity of oxidative burst activity of neutrophils in all cows prepartum and increased the intensity of phagocytosis in parous cows prepartum and the proportion of neutrophils with killing activity in parous cows postpartum (58.5 vs. 67.6%). Feeding calcidiol improved the proportion of neutrophils with oxidative burst activity (60.0 vs. 68.7%), reduced the incidences of retained placenta (30.8 vs. 2.5%) and metritis (46.2 vs. 23.1%), and reduced the proportion of cows with multiple diseases in early lactation. Combining the negative DCAD diet with calcidiol reduced morbidity by at least 60% compared with any of the other treatments. Cows with morbidity had lower blood ionized Ca and serum total Ca concentrations than healthy cows. Treatments did not affect the daily risk of hyperketonemia in the first 30 d of lactation. Despite the changes in cow health, manipulating the prepartum DCAD did not influence reproduction, but feeding calcidiol tended to increase the rate of pregnancy by 55%, which reduced the median days open by 19. In conclusion, feeding prepartum cows with a diet containing a negative DCAD combined with 3 mg of calcidiol benefited health in early lactation.

show abstract

“…23 Though supplementation with exogenous vitamin D has significantly affected serum Vitamin D levels, 23 the effects on serum calcium levels have been variable. [24][25][26] The cited studies used higher amounts of vitamin D [24][25][26] and included them in the diets of transition cows. 25,26 To this author's knowledge, the effects of bolus supplementation of 50,000 IU vitamin D3 have not been studied, and the utility of inclusion in commercial preparations is unknown.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>A Pilot Study To Evaluate The Effect Of A Novel Calcium And Vitamin D-Containing Oral Bolus On Serum Calcium Levels In Holstein Dairy Cows Following Parturition</p>

Shock

Roche

Genore

et al. 2019

VMRR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The initiation of lactation challenges the ability of the modern lactating cow to maintain calcium homeostasis, and typically results in a drop in blood calcium levels, leading to mobilization of calcium reserves from skeletal stores. As such, the recommendation to provide supplemental calcium at parturition to older cows has become an industrystandard practice. Methods: Mature cows were treated at calving and 12 hrs later with either the novel calcium bolus (NB) or a commercially available calcium bolus (CB). Blood was collected from animals at 0, 1, 6, 12, 13, and 24 hrs following calving, and the resulting serum samples were analyzed. Results: Overall, there was no statistical difference between the NB and CB groups for blood calcium levels within the first 24 hrs following parturition (P = 0.50). Cows in both groups experienced a significant increase in serum calcium by 1 hr after parturition; however, this increase was not sustained through subsequent sampling times. Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates that both boluses have a similar effect in the elevation of blood calcium.

show abstract

Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference and source of vitamin D in dairy cows: Vitamin D, mineral, and bone metabolism

Cited by 73 publications

References 52 publications

Assessment of magnesium intake according to requirement in dairy cows

Assessment of magnesium intake according to requirement in dairy cows

Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference and source of vitamin D in dairy cows: Health and reproductive responses

<p>A Pilot Study To Evaluate The Effect Of A Novel Calcium And Vitamin D-Containing Oral Bolus On Serum Calcium Levels In Holstein Dairy Cows Following Parturition</p>

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About