Effects of pretreatment with etomidate, ketamine, phenytoin, and phenytoin/midazolam on acute, lethal cocaine toxicity

Erdur, Bülent; Değirmenci, Eylem; Kortunay, Selim; Yuksel, Aykut; Seyit, Murat; Ergin, Ahmet

doi:10.1179/1743132812y.0000000097

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A review of the published literature shows that benzodiazepines and GABAergic drugs have been studied previously in an acute cocaine intoxication model. 6,19 Ziprasidone, an atypical antipsychotic agent, has been used as a pre-treatment in several studies evaluating cocaine-induced seizures and death. 16–18 A review of the published literature did not identify any cocaine toxicity studies that investigated the new generation antipsychotic agents except ziprasidone; and none appear to have investigated quetiapine and aripiprazole in cocaine toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Lethality was characterized by the emergence of agonal respiration, seizures enduring over 8.5 min or failure to ambulate until 30 min following the cocaine administration. 19 The lethality and seizures were assessed in an observational way. The changes in mice during the 30-min observation period were recorded on observational scales previously prepared for each group separately.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preventative effects of aripiprazole and quetiapine on seizure and lethality in a mice cocaine toxicity model: an experimental study

et al. 2019

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Objective To assess the effectiveness of pre-treatment with aripiprazole and quetiapine to prevent acute cocaine toxicity in a mouse model of cocaine toxicity. Methods This experimental study included three groups ( n = 25 per group) of mice that were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline solution, 10 mg/kg quetiapine or 10 mg/kg aripiprazole 15 min before 105 mg/kg cocaine hydrochloride. When the cocaine administration was completed, researchers blinded to the study groups observed the mice in terms of seizures and death for a further 30 min. Results In the cocaine + quetiapine group, the mean ± SE time to the first seizure was 10.80 ± 2.27 min and seizure activity was detected in 18 mice (72%) by the end of the 30 min. In the cocaine + aripiprazole group, the mean ± SE time to the first seizure was 18.10 ± 1.94 min and seizure activity was detected in 15 mice (60%) by the end of the 30 min. When compared with the control group, there was a significant difference between the cocaine + quetiapine and cocaine + aripiprazole groups in terms of seizure activity. Survival time was increased in the cocaine + aripiprazole group compared with the control and cocaine + quetiapine groups. Conclusion Quetiapine and aripiprazole pre-treatment reduced seizure activity and delayed the onset of seizures compared with the control group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventative effects of aripiprazole and quetiapine on seizure and lethality in a mice cocaine toxicity model: an experimental study

et al. 2019

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“…Previously we reported the effects of pretreatment with etomidate, ketamine, phenytoin and phenytoin/midazolam on acute, lethal cocaine toxicity ( 21 ). Also recently we determined the effects of pretreatment with etomidate, ketamine, phenytoin, and phenytoin/midazolam on the same experimental model ( 22 ).…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Dexmedetomidine, Moxonidine and Alpha-Methyldopa Effects on Acute, Lethal Cocaine Toxicity

Seyit¹,

Erdur²,

Kortunay³

et al. 2015

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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Background:The treatment of cocaine toxicity is an important subject for emergency physicians. We investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine, moxonidine and alpha-methyldopa on acute cocaine toxicity in mice.Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine, moxonidine and alpha-methyldopa in a mouse model of acute cocaine toxicity.Materials and Methods:We performed an experiment consisting of four groups (n = 25 each). The first group received normal saline solution, the second group received 40 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine, the third group received 0.1 mg/kg of moxonidine and the fourth group received 200 mg/kg of alpha-methyldopa, all of which were intraperitoneally administered 10 minutes before cocaine hydrochloride (105 mg/kg). All animals were observed for seizures (popcorn jumping, tonic-clonic activity, or a loss of the righting reflex) and lethality over the 30 minutes following cocaine treatment.Results:The ratio of animals with convulsions was lower in all treated groups when compared to the control (P < 0.001). Furthermore, 68% (n = 17) of animals in the dexmedetomidine group, 84% (n = 21) of the alpha-methyldopa group, 92% (n = 23) of the moxonidine group and 100% (n = 25) of the control group showed evidence of seizure activity (P = 0.009). Cocaine-induced lethality was observed in 12% (n = 3) of the dexmedetomidine group, 48% (n = 12) of the alpha-methyldopa group, 52% (n = 13) of the moxonidine group, and 72% (n = 18) of the control group (P < 0.001). All treatments prolonged the time to seizure, which was longest in the dexmedetomidine group (P > 0.05). In addition, the time to lethality was also longer in the same group (P < 0.001).Conclusions:The present study provides the first experimental evidence in support of dexmedetomidine treatment for cocaine-induced seizures. Premedication with dexmedetomidine reduces seizure activity in a mouse model of acute cocaine toxicity. In addition, while dexmedetomidine may be effective, moxonidine and alpha-methyldopa did not effectively prevent cocaine-induced lethality.

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Effects of pretreatment with etomidate, ketamine, phenytoin, and phenytoin/midazolam on acute, lethal cocaine toxicity

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Preventative effects of aripiprazole and quetiapine on seizure and lethality in a mice cocaine toxicity model: an experimental study

Preventative effects of aripiprazole and quetiapine on seizure and lethality in a mice cocaine toxicity model: an experimental study

A Comparison of Dexmedetomidine, Moxonidine and Alpha-Methyldopa Effects on Acute, Lethal Cocaine Toxicity

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