Effects of previous carbohydrate supplementation on muscular fatigue: double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study

Battazza, Rafael Ambrósio; Suzuki, Frank Shiguemitsu; Kalytczak, Marcelo Martins; Paunksnis, Marcos Rodolfo Ramos; Politi, Fabiano; Evangelista, Alexandre Lopes; Serra, Andrey Jorge; Teixeira, Cauê Vazquez La Scala; Rica, Roberta Luksevicius; Pontes, Francisco Luciano; Bergamin, Marco; Bocalini, Danilo S.

doi:10.1590/s1980-6574201900010004

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There was a range of RT experience with some studies requiring a minimum 2-6 months of training experience [41,42,69]; whereas others reported participant cohorts with more than 5 years RT experience [34,35,38,44,45]. Participants in four studies were recreationally trained or physically active [33,36,70,71] and one study did not report any information regarding training history [72]. A comprehensive description of participant characteristics can be found in Table 1.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was a variety of loading schemes from 10 to 100% of 1 − RM, and the total number of sets (including submaximal) completed per session ranged from 3 to 34. Four studies included isokinetic exercise, of which one was knee extension [36] and three were knee extension and flexion [34,35,72]. One study [34] included isokinetic contractions in addition to a lower body free-weight RT session.…”

Section: Resistance Exercise Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All studies that delivered CHO as a liquid beverage or semi-solid meal used a simple, powdered CHO source such as maltodextrin, dextrose/glucose, or fructose. For the comparator condition, 18 studies reported using a low/noncaloric placebo; however, two studies did not explicitly provide information regarding the caloric content of the placebo beverage [33,72]. One study used a water-only control condition [74] and one study used both a placebo and water-only control as comparator conditions [75].…”

Section: Nutrition Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These pre-trial fasting durations clustered at each end of the range with nine studies using a 2-to 4-or 10-to 12-h fast duration, respectively. The fast duration of two studies was unclear [70,72].…”

Section: Nutrition Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The remaining studies stated the trial was randomised but did not report a randomisation method or information regarding allocation concealment and were rated with some concerns. In the domain assessing risk of bias related to period and carry-over effects, three studies [32,71,72] did not report the wash-out length and were rated as having some concerns. The remaining studies reported a sufficient wash-out period (at least 72 h) and were rated as having a low risk of bias.…”

Section: Risk Of Bias Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Ergogenic Effects of Acute Carbohydrate Feeding on Resistance Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background Carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion has an ergogenic effect on endurance training performance. Less is known about the effect of acute CHO ingestion on resistance training (RT) performance and equivocal results are reported in the literature. Objective The current systematic review and meta-analysis sought to determine if and to what degree CHO ingestion influences RT performance. Methods PubMed, MEDLINE, SportDiscus, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles written in English that used a cross-over design to assess the acute effect of CHO ingestion on RT performance outcomes (e.g., muscle strength, power, and endurance) in healthy human participants compared to a placebo or water-only conditions. The Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool and GRADE approaches were used to assess risk of bias and certainty of evidence, respectively. Random effects meta-analyses were performed for total training session volume and post-exercise blood lactate and glucose. Sub-group meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed for categorical (session and fast durations) and continuous (total number of maximal effort sets, load used, and CHO dose) covariates, respectively. Results Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 226 participants). Pooled results revealed a significant benefit of CHO ingestion in comparison to a placebo or control for total session training volume (standardised mean difference [SMD] = 0.61). Sub-group analysis revealed a significant benefit of CHO ingestion during sessions longer than 45 min (SMD = 1.02) and after a fast duration of 8 h or longer (SMD = 0.39). Pooled results revealed elevated post-exercise blood lactate (SMD = 0.58) and blood glucose (SMD = 2.36) with CHO ingestion. Meta-regression indicated that the number of maximal effort sets, but not CHO dose or load used, moderates the effect of CHO ingestion on RT performance (beta co-efficient [b] = 0.11). Carbohydrate dose does not moderate post-exercise lactate accumulation nor do maximal effort sets completed, load used, and CHO dose moderate the effect of CHO ingestion on post-exercise blood glucose. Conclusions Carbohydrate ingestion has an ergogenic effect on RT performance by enhancing volume performance, which is more likely to occur when sessions exceed 45 min and where the fast duration is ≥ 8 h. Further, the effect is moderated by the number of maximal effort sets completed, but not the load used or CHO dose. Post-exercise blood lactate is elevated following CHO ingestion but may come at the expense of an extended time-course of recovery due to the additional training volume performed. Post-exercise blood glucose is elevated when CHO is ingested during RT, but it is presently unclear if it has an impact on RT performance. Protocol Registration The original protocol was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework (Project identifier: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/HJFBW).

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resistance Exercise Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nutrition Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nutrition Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Of Bias Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Ergogenic Effects of Acute Carbohydrate Feeding on Resistance Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Rate of Force Development as an Indicator of Neuromuscular Fatigue: A Scoping Review

D’Emanuele

Maffiuletti

Tarperi

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Because rate of force development (RFD) is an emerging outcome measure for the assessment of neuromuscular function in unfatigued conditions, and it represents a valid alternative/complement to the classical evaluation of pure maximal strength, this scoping review aimed to map the available evidence regarding RFD as an indicator of neuromuscular fatigue. Thus, following a general overview of the main studies published on this topic, we arbitrarily compared the amount of neuromuscular fatigue between the “gold standard” measure (maximal voluntary force, MVF) and peak, early (≤100 ms) and late (>100 ms) RFD. Seventy full-text articles were included in the review. The most-common fatiguing exercises were resistance exercises (37% of the studies), endurance exercises/locomotor activities (23%), isokinetic contractions (17%), and simulated/real sport situations (13%). The most widely tested tasks were knee extension (60%) and plantar flexion (10%). The reason (i.e., rationale) for evaluating RFD was lacking in 36% of the studies. On average, the amount of fatigue for MVF (−19%) was comparable to late RFD (−19%) but lower compared to both peak RFD (−25%) and early RFD (−23%). Even if the rationale for evaluating RFD in the fatigued state was often lacking and the specificity between test task and fatiguing exercise characteristics was not always respected in the included studies, RFD seems to be a valid indicator of neuromuscular fatigue. Based on our arbitrary analyses, peak RFD and early phase RFD appear even to be more sensitive to quantify neuromuscular fatigue than MVF and late phase RFD.

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Central and peripheral neuromuscular fatigue following ramp and rapid maximal voluntary isometric contractions

Dalton,

Hester,

Alesi

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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IntroductionMaximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) as a fatiguing modality have been widely studied, but little attention has been given to the influence of the rate of torque development. Given the established differences in motor command and neuromuscular activation between ramp and rapid MIVCs, it is likely performance fatigue differs as well as the underlying physiological mechanisms.PurposeTo compare responses for rapid and maximal torque following ramp and rapid MVICs, and the corresponding neuromuscular and corticospinal alterations.MethodsOn separate visits, twelve healthy males (22.8 ± 2.5 years) performed fatiguing intermittent MVICs of the knee extensors with either 2 s (RAMP) or explosive (RAPID) ramp-ups until a 50% reduction in peak torque was achieved. Before and after each condition, maximal and rapid torque measures were determined from an MVIC. Additionally, peripheral (twitch parameters) and central (voluntary activation) fatigue, as well as rapid muscle activation, and cortical-evoked twitch and electromyographic responses were recorded.ResultsMaximal and late-phase rapid torque measures (p ≤ 0.001; ηp 2 = 0.635–0.904) were reduced similarly, but early rapid torque capacity (0–50 ms) (p = 0.003; d = 1.11 vs. p = 0.054; d = 0.62) and rapid muscle activation (p = 0.008; d = 1.07 vs. p = 0.875; d = 0.06) decreased more after RAMP. Changes in peripheral fatigue, as indicated by singlet and doublet contractile parameters (p < 0.001 for all; ηp 2 = 0.752–0.859), and nerve-evoked voluntary activation (p < 0.001; ηp 2= 0.660) were similar between conditions. Corticospinal inhibition (via silent period) was only increased after RAPID (p = 0.007; d = 0.94 vs. p = 0.753; d = 0.09), whereas corticospinal voluntary activation and excitability were unchanged.ConclusionRamp, fatiguing MVICs impaired early rapid torque capacity more than rapid MVICs, and this was accompanied by decrements in rapid muscle activation. Responses for peripheral and central fatigue (nerve and cortical stimulation) were largely similar between conditions, except that rapid MVICs increased corticospinal inhibition.

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Effects of previous carbohydrate supplementation on muscular fatigue: double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

The Ergogenic Effects of Acute Carbohydrate Feeding on Resistance Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The Ergogenic Effects of Acute Carbohydrate Feeding on Resistance Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Rate of Force Development as an Indicator of Neuromuscular Fatigue: A Scoping Review

Central and peripheral neuromuscular fatigue following ramp and rapid maximal voluntary isometric contractions

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