Effects of primary- and secondary-treated bleached kraft mill effluents on the immune system and physiological parameters of roach

Aaltonen, Tuula M.; Jokinen, Eeva; Lappivaara, Jarmo; Markkula, S. Eveliina; Salo, Harri M.; Leppänen, Harri; Lammi, Reino

doi:10.1016/s0166-445x(00)00101-6

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…(1) Susceptibility to infection by papilloma-inducing viruses may have increased due to stress-induced impairment of the immune system or immunotoxic effects of contaminants. Many of the present impact sites received paper-and pulp-mill effluents (Population Pairs 2, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) which suppress the immune function of roach (Jokinen et al 1995, Aaltonen et al 2000 making them more susceptible to disease. For example, pollutant-induced immunosupression has been shown to increase susceptibility of fishes to protozoan parasites (Lehtinen 1989, Khan 1990, Khan et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Environmental stress may compromise the immune system of fish (Jokinen et al 1995, Aaltonen et al 2000 which may lead to more severe infection by parasites and diseases (Lehtinen 1989, Khan 1990, Khan et al 1994. Among the diseases of fish, papillomatosis appears to be frequently associated with environmental stress (Smith et al 1989b, Harshbarger & Clark 1990, Hayes et al 1990, Premdas et al 1995, Baumann et al 1996, Mikaelian et al 2000, Kortet et al 2002, Pinkney et al 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between environmental stress and epidermal papillomatosis of roach Rutilus rutilus

Korkea-Aho¹,

Partanen²,

Kiviniemi³

et al. 2006

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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We studied the association between environmental stress and epidermal papillomatosis of roach Rutilus rutilus L. in Finnish waters using a 'matched pairs' design. Populations impacted by industrial and/or sewage effluents were compared to reference populations from pristine sites. We examined both the prevalence (proportion of diseased fish) and intensity (number of scales covered by tumors) of the disease. Results of Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) indicated that the risk of papillomatosis was 7.5 times higher in males than females, and increased 1.3 times for every 10 mm increment in fish length. We controlled for the possible effects of fish size, sex and temporal variation through sampling procedures and statistical analyses. Mean prevalence of epidermal papillomatosis was 16.6 and 5.8% in impact and reference populations, respectively (10 population pairs; n fish = 1714). Results of GLMM suggested that the risk of being diseased was 2.7 times higher in the impact than reference populations. Thus, the prevalence of epidermal papillomatosis in roach can be used as an indicator of environmental stress. Results of Linear Mixed Models indicated no difference in the intensity of the disease between impact and reference populations (5 population pairs; n fish = 73; mean ± SE 10.7 ± 1.8 and 11.7 ± 2.9 scales, respectively), although prevalence was higher in impact populations in those 5 population pairs. The possible relationship between environmental stress and intensity of epidermal papillomatosis in natural roach populations remains to be demonstrated. KEY WORDS: Environmental monitoring · Epizootic cutaneous papillomatosis · Roach · Disease · Large lakes · Matched pairs Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 72: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] 2006 and by isolation from cell culture (Schwanz-Pfitzner 1976, Bloch et al. 1986, Sano et al. 1993. However, induction of papillomas can possibly also take place without viral infection (e.g. Grizzle et al. 1984, Smith et al. 1989a). Thus, the connection between papillomatosis and environmental stress can be produced both by the stress induced impairment of the immune system of fishes and by direct carcinogenic effects of contaminants (Sano et al. 1991, 1993Lee & Whitfield 1992, Baumann et al. 1996.In the North American Great Lakes, epidermal papillomatosis has been proposed as a bioindicator of contaminated waters (Munkittrick & Dixon 1989, Baumann 1992, Premdas et al. 1995, Baumann et al. 1996. The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) has adopted epidermal papillomatosis in dab Limanda limanda as an indicator of environmental changes in the North Atlantic coastal areas (Bucke et al. 1996). Because new tools are required by the European Union's Water Framework Directive for determining the ecological status of lakes, we investigated the possible use of the roach-papillomatosis system in monitoring of environmental stress in Finnish waters.In contrast to prevalence, the intensity of ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between environmental stress and epidermal papillomatosis of roach Rutilus rutilus

Korkea-Aho¹,

Partanen²,

Kiviniemi³

et al. 2006

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…This demonstrates that the biological treatment may reduce substantially the BKPME toxicity to the aquatic environments, but some toxic compounds still persist or are formed during the treatment process, being available to cause acute and/or chronic toxicity to organisms (Aaltonen et al 2000). In fact, the main aspect focused in BKPME studies has been the potential effects of chlorinated organic compounds, yield as a by-product of the bleaching process (Couillard et al 1999), and Munkittrick et al (1992) have confirmed that the secondary treatment did not remove CYP1A-inducing compounds from the BKPME.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In modern pulp mills, most of the water used in the production process is recycled resulting in a diminished amount of wastewater. Furthermore, before being discharged into the receiving aquatic systems, BKPME always undergo chemical and or/biological treatments in which suspended solids are mechanically separated in a primary wastewater treatment plant and then dissolved organic matter is mineralized in an activated sludge secondary treatment plant or, more rarely, in aerated lagoons (Aaltonen et al 2000). The toxic nature of BKPME is attributed to the presence of several naturally occurring compounds extracted from wood (e.g., tanins and lignins) as well as several xenobiotic chemicals derived from the whole paper making process (e.g., chlorinated lignins, resin acids, phenols, dioxins, and furans; Aaltonen et al 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Sub-lethal Toxicity of Bleached Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent to Carassius auratus and Dicentrarchus labrax

Diniz

Pereira

Freitas

et al. 2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The effluents from bleached Kraft pulp mill (BKME) and paper industry are toxic to different aquatic organisms being an important source of contamination to aquatic environments due to the presence of several chemicals produced during the production of Kraft pulp. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the exposure effects of a secondary-treated BKME in two different species of fish: Carassius auratus and Dicentrarchus labrax. Both species were exposed to different concentrations of secondary-treated effluent (1%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 100%) in semi-static tests under controlled laboratory conditions. At the end of the experimental period (21 days), samples of livers were collected for CYP1A determination and histopathological evaluation. The results show significant changes (p<0.05) of CYP1A induction in carp exposed to 50% and in sea bass exposed to 25% of the effluent. Histopathological alterations were also observed according to the different concentrations of the tested effluent suggesting that tested BKME cause damage to exposed organisms.

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“…The effluents' toxicity is chiefly caused by the high toxicity and low biodegradability of tannins, lignins, resins, longchain fatty acids, terpenes and chlorophenolic compounds (Buzzini et al 2007). A secondary treatment is, therefore, regarded as essential to reduce the toxicity of these effluents and new approaches have been employed to improve the effluents' secondary treatment and also to reduce the volume of discharges into the environment (Aaltonen et al 2000). An important improvement in treatment processes was achieved with the development of new bleaching sequences where elemental chlorine was replaced by chlorine dioxide and/or hydrogen peroxide, ozone and enzymes, resulting in elemental chlorine-free (ECF) and totally chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching which reduces considerably the effluents toxicity (Ali and Sreekrishnan 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ECF-Kraft pulp mill effluent treated with fungi (Rhizopus oryzae) on reproductive steroids and liver CYP1A of exposed goldfish (Carassius auratus)

et al. 2009

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The toxicity of bleached Kraft pulp mill effluents (BKME) is usually attributed to chemical compounds which are produced and released throughout various stages of pulp and paper production. The main objective of the present work was to detect sub-lethal responses of goldfish (Carassius auratus) to secondary treated BKME which was treated with Rhizopus oryzae. A total of 96 carps (C. auratus; 11 +/- 3 g) were exposed to different concentrations of the post-treated effluent (0, 1, 10, 25, 50, and 100%), in 28 days semi-static tests. Several biomarkers were then evaluated to assess the toxicological effects: induction of CYP1A (metabolic processes of organic compounds in liver), change in steroid profiles (11-Ketotestosterone, 17beta-estradiol), histopathology of liver and gonads and somatic indices (GSI, HSI) for endocrine disruption and other physiological disturbances. The most significant results show an induction of CYP1A in both sexes and a decrease of 17beta-estradiol concentrations in females. Histopathological changes such as liver tissue degeneration were observed in fish exposed to 50 and 100% of the BKME. Although the BKME was biologically treated there are some chemical compounds in the effluent that are capable to affect fish physiology, however, a clear evidence for endocrine disruption was not found.

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Effects of primary- and secondary-treated bleached kraft mill effluents on the immune system and physiological parameters of roach

Cited by 27 publications

References 37 publications

Association between environmental stress and epidermal papillomatosis of roach Rutilus rutilus

Association between environmental stress and epidermal papillomatosis of roach Rutilus rutilus

Evaluation of the Sub-lethal Toxicity of Bleached Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent to Carassius auratus and Dicentrarchus labrax

Effects of ECF-Kraft pulp mill effluent treated with fungi (Rhizopus oryzae) on reproductive steroids and liver CYP1A of exposed goldfish (Carassius auratus)

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