Effects of prior exercise on muscle metabolism during sprint exercise in horses

McCutcheon, L. J.; Geor, Raymond J.; Hinchcliff, Kenneth W.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.87.5.1914

Cited by 52 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, in accordance with the theory on excitement, it is possible that the horses were better prepared, i.e. had a better 'warm-up' for the 9 m/s speed on the high sugar intake (because of the higher muscle fibre recruitment on the lower speeds) which may result in an augmentation of the aerobic energy supply (Tyler et al 1996;McCutcheon et al 1999). In conclusion, this study indicates that horses respond with an increased heart rate during exercise of lower intensities on diets with a high sugar inclusion and that the response in VO 2 and RER may differ depending on the exercise intensity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effects on exercise metabolism of varying dietary starch and sugar proportions

Jansson

Nyman

Lindholm³

et al. 2002

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryStudies of the effect of varying dietary carbohydrate compositions on exercise metabolism of horses are scarce. In the present study, the starch and sugar porportions were altered in the diet to 4 Standardbred horses. In a crossover experiment, the horses were offered a hay and oat diet, where the oats were substituted for barley syrup (BS) at 4 levels (BS 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg). Each diet was consumed for 21 days and both an incremental treadmill exercise test (IE) and a 40 min submaximal exercise test (SE) were performed. During the IE there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in mean VO 2 on BS 1.5 and at the highest speed respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was significantly lower on BS 1.0 and 1.5. During the SE, RER and HR were significantly higher on BS 1.0 and 1.5. There were no significant effects of diets on plasma levels of glucose, lactate and insulin. Following the SE there was a significant decrease in the muscle glycogen content on BS 0, which was not observed in the other diets. In addition, there was a numerical decrease in the glycogen utilisation with increasing proportions of sugar in the diet. In conclusion, this study indicates that horses on diets with a high sugar inclusion respond with an increased heart rate during exercise of lower intensities; and that the response in VO 2 and RER may differ depending on the exercise intensity. In addition, glycogen utilisation during submaximal exercise was lowered when daily sugar intake was increased. However, further investigation is needed to evaluate whether this strategy of feeding could be beneficial for exercising horses competing over endurance distances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effects on exercise metabolism of varying dietary starch and sugar proportions

Jansson

Nyman

Lindholm³

et al. 2002

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…• O 2max , and the durations of warm-up protocols were mostly over 5 min [11,22,23,41]. From these results, the further research might be needed to investigate the effect of warm-up exercise under the conditions experienced by Thoroughbred races.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Heart Rates and Blood Lactate Response in Thoroughbred Horses during a Race

Mukai

Takahashi

Eto

et al. 2007

JES

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We measured the heart rate before, during and after a 1200-m race, and blood lactate concentration at 10 min after a race in 23 Thoroughbred horses. The heart rate increased when horses were walking through the underground passage and after the jockeys mounted them in the paddock, even though there was no increase in exercise intensity. During the canter from the exit of the underground passage to the starting stalls, the heart rate increased to a peak value of 194.0 ± 2.0 (mean ± SE) beat/min, which was equivalent to 91.1 ± 0.8% of the maximal racing heart rate. In the starting stalls immediately before the start of the race, the heart rate was 171.4 ± 5.3 beat/min. The peak value of the heart rate (HR peak ) during the race was 213.6 ± 1.7 beat/min, and the time taken to reach 95% of HR peak was 12.4 ± 1.8 sec. The blood lactate concentration after the race was 22.5 ± 0.6 mmol/l. The mean speed of the horses was 15.9 ± 0.0 m/s, which was similar to those of 3-year-olds in maiden races. These data could be useful for planning training strategies for Thoroughbred horses.

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“…Physiological adaptations during the warm up include cardiovascular and respiratory responses that ensure an adequate supply of oxygen to the working muscles and the working muscles receive a greater proportion of the blood flow at the expense of other organs such as digestive system. The increased O 2 delivery to the muscles enhances their ability to work aerobically and reduces lactate build up during exercise and delays the onset of fatigue due to lactate accumulation in high intensity sports (McCutcheon et al 1999). Warm up in human athletes has been shown to increase VO 2 max (Gray & Nimmo 2001).…”

Section: Kinetics Of Oxygen Uptake and Effect Of A Warm-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Exercise Physiology

McGowan¹,

Hampson²

2007

Animal Physiotherapy

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The aim of this chapter is to discuss principles of exercise physiology and follow up, with discussion in an applied manner to familiarise the physiotherapist to some of the sports their animal patients will be undertaking. The chapter presumes a basic understanding of the physiology of exercise in people, and aims to expand knowledge of animal exercise physiology so that physiotherapists can more appropriately develop rehabilitation and exercise programmes for their animal patients.The physiology of exercise in animals is similar in physiological principles to humans and much of the research work in man has been and is still carried out on animals for the purposes of enhancing knowledge for human exercise physiologists. However, certain differences clearly occur that can have clinical significance and may affect exercise potential. Of course, animals are quadrupeds, but other factors can be equally important, such as the inability of horses to mouth breathe and dogs only sweat in localised regions of their body.For species-specific exercise physiology in animals, the greatest amount of research and knowledge has centred on the athletic horse, although this is gradually changing. Despite the advancements in research and clinical application of exercise physiology principles in animals, it may still surprise the physiotherapist used to working in a human sports setting how limited the translation of this knowledge is at the sporting industry level. Principles of exercise physiology Energy production for exerciseIt is clearly the aim of trainers of performance animals to maximise the animal's capacity for exercise. In simplest terms this means maximising the availability of energy for muscle contraction, in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the fuels required to produce it.There are limited stores of ATP within muscles for muscle contraction (either as ATP, or high energy phosphates like phosphocreatine) so energy is produced during exercise either aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen (and substrate). Aerobic energy productionAerobic production of ATP occurs via a series of reactions within the mitochondria called aerobic or oxidative phosphorylation because of its requirement for oxygen, and the ultimate step is the phosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to make ATP. Aerobic energy production can occur using stored muscle glycogen or glucose from blood as an energy substrate. This involves glycogen or glucose undergoing glycolysis to produce pyruvate in the cell cytoplasm. Pyruvate can then be transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) in the mitochondria, which enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) or Krebs cycle. The net result of the TCA cycle is the production of ATP and the production of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH 2 ), which enter the electron transport chain producing ATP.Complete aerobic metabolism of one glucose unit (entering as glucose-1-phosphate) fr...

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Effects of prior exercise on muscle metabolism during sprint exercise in horses

Cited by 52 publications

References 31 publications

Effects on exercise metabolism of varying dietary starch and sugar proportions

Effects on exercise metabolism of varying dietary starch and sugar proportions

Heart Rates and Blood Lactate Response in Thoroughbred Horses during a Race

Comparative Exercise Physiology

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