Effects of prior exercise on eccentric exercise-induced neutrophilia and enzyme release

Fielding, Roger A.; Violán, Mariona; Svetkey, Lori; Abad, Leslie W.; Manfredi, Thomas G.; Cosmas, Arthur C.; Bean, Jonathan F.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200002000-00015

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Measurement sites were marked with a permanent marker to ensure re-test reliability (0, 24, 48 and 72 h). Circumference measurements were taken as an indicator of acute changes in thigh volume (Brown et al 1997;Chen and Hsieh 2000;Chleboun et al 1998;Eston and Peters 1999), likely to occur from osmotic Xuid shifts or inXammation, which has often been associated with muscle-damage and eccentric exercise (Fielding et al 2000). For the purposes of presentation, mid-thigh girth was selected for representation of all upper leg measurements (above-knee, mid-thigh, and sub-gluteal) as it closely resembled changes throughout all the measured sites.…”

Section: Thigh Circumferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hydrotherapy on the signs and symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness

et al. 2007

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This study independently examined the effects of three hydrotherapy interventions on the physiological and functional symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Strength trained males (n = 38) completed two experimental trials separated by 8 months in a randomised crossover design; one trial involved passive recovery (PAS, control), the other a specific hydrotherapy protocol for 72 h post-exercise; either: (1) cold water immersion (CWI: n = 12), (2) hot water immersion (HWI: n = 11) or (3) contrast water therapy (CWT: n = 15). For each trial, subjects performed a DOMS-inducing leg press protocol followed by PAS or one of the hydrotherapy interventions for 14 min. Weighted squat jump, isometric squat, perceived pain, thigh girths and blood variables were measured prior to, immediately after, and at 24, 48 and 72 h post-exercise. Squat jump performance and isometric force recovery were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) at 24, 48 and 72 h post-exercise following CWT and at 48 and 72 h post-exercise following CWI when compared to PAS. Isometric force recovery was also greater (P < 0.05) at 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise following HWI when compared to PAS. Perceived pain improved (P < 0.01) following CWT at 24, 48 and 72 h post-exercise. Overall, CWI and CWT were found to be effective in reducing the physiological and functional deficits associated with DOMS, including improved recovery of isometric force and dynamic power and a reduction in localised oedema. While HWI was effective in the recovery of isometric force, it was ineffective for recovery of all other markers compared to PAS.

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Section: Thigh Circumferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hydrotherapy on the signs and symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness

et al. 2007

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“…Elevated concentrations of lactoferrin in serum have been reported immediately after ~30 min of intense running and were associated with elevated serum antibacterial activity to live Micrococcus luteus (90). Furthermore, increased levels of serum lactoferrin have also been observed following a 2 h submaximal cycle followed by a bout of eccentric resistance exercise (91). These aside, information concerning the effect of exercise on salivary levels of lactoferrin is scarce.…”

Section: Exercise Effects On Other Salivary Markers Of Mucosal Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and chronic effects of exercise on markers of mucosal immunity

Nicolette¹

2009

Front Biosci

186

146

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Decreased secretion rate of salivary markers of mucosal immunity, and in particular salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA), have been implicated as risk factors for subsequent episodes of respiratory infection in athletes. IgA is the predominant Ig in mucosal secretions and acts with innate mucosal defences to provide the 'first line of defence' against pathogens and antigens presented at the mucosa. As well as summarising the evidence concerning the effects of acute exercise and longer-term intensive training on these markers of mucosal immunity, this review explores the factors that impact upon salivary responses to exercise, such as method of saliva collection, stimulation of saliva collection and the method of reporting s-IgA data. The influence of adequate hydration and nutritional supplementation during exercise as well as exercising in extreme environmental conditions on salivary responses is also explored. Finally, the possible mechanisms underlying the acute and longer-term of effects of exercise on salivary responses are examined, with particular emphasis on the potential role of the sympathetic nervous system and the expression and mobilisation of the polymeric Ig receptor. INTRODUCTIONOver the past two decades a growing body of evidence has supported the notion that both acute, strenuous exercise and intensive periods of physical training are associated with immune suppression and this may be linked to the apparent higher incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in highly conditioned athletes (1,2). The acute decrease in immune function is transient and is dependent on the exercise intensity and duration. Repeated activity with insufficient recovery, such as during heavy periods of training and competition, appears to exacerbate the situation leading to a chronic depression of several aspects of immune function (3)(4)(5). Although the majority of studies have concentrated on continuous endurance-type activities such as distance running, cycling and swimming, evidence to support the concept of an exercise-induced immune depression has also been found following high-intensity intermittent activities such as football and tennis as well as high intensity resistance exercise (6-8).In contrast to the effects of intensive exercise on immune function, moderate amounts of physical activity in previously sedentary individuals, such as 30 min of brisk walking on most days of the week, are associated with either little effect on (9,10) or elevations (11,12) of markers of immunity and such activity has been associated with a lower incidence of URTI compared with sedentary individuals (1,9,11). The relationship between the amount of exercise and incidence of URTI has been proposed by Nieman (13) as a J-shaped curve and is largely supported by epidemiological data (9,11,14,15). However, identifying a definitive link between prevalence of URTI and any exercise-induced alterations in cellular and mucosal immunity has proved more difficult, not least because of the many confounders that could influence...

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“…The intensity and duration of exercise plays a key role in determining responses to exercise (Fielding et al, 2000;Matthews et al, 2002). In Nieman's ''J-shaped model'' for upper respiratory tract infection it was postulated that exercise could enhance or reduce immunity depending on the frequency, duration, and intensity of the exercise (Nieman, 1994).…”

Section: Cell Defense and Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms of glutamine action

Curi

Lagranha

Doi

et al. 2005

Journal Cellular Physiology

416

300

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Glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid in the body and is known to play a regulatory role in several cell specific processes including metabolism (e.g., oxidative fuel, gluconeogenic precursor, and lipogenic precursor), cell integrity (apoptosis, cell proliferation), protein synthesis, and degradation, contractile protein mass, redox potential, respiratory burst, insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. Glutamine has been shown to regulate the expression of many genes related to metabolism, signal transduction, cell defense and repair, and to activate intracellular signaling pathways. Thus, the function of glutamine goes beyond that of a simple metabolic fuel or protein precursor as previously assumed. In this review, we have attempted to identify some of the common mechanisms underlying the regulation of glutamine dependent cellular functions.

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Effects of prior exercise on eccentric exercise-induced neutrophilia and enzyme release

Abstract: These data indicate that submaximal exercise followed by a bout of eccentric exercise results in similar amounts of myofibrillar injury with a larger neutrophil response and CK release.

Cited by 42 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of hydrotherapy on the signs and symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness

Effect of hydrotherapy on the signs and symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness

Acute and chronic effects of exercise on markers of mucosal immunity

Molecular mechanisms of glutamine action

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