Effects of Prior Infection with SARS-CoV-2 on B Cell Receptor Repertoire Response during Vaccination

Fraley, Elizabeth R.; Khanal, Santosh; Pierce, Stephen; LeMaster, Cas; McLennan, Rebecca; Pastinen, Tomi; Bradley, Todd

doi:10.3390/vaccines10091477

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Those who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 in all age cohorts had higher levels of antibodies and responded more actively to the administration of booster doses of Sputnik V. This may be due to the different clonotypes of B cells formed during revaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 23 ], which may lead to the formation of more effective hybrid immunity against COVID-19 [ 24 ]. Age cohorts showed that individuals younger than 60 years had significantly lower levels of antibodies, regardless of previous COVID-19 contraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revaccination in Age-Risk Groups with Sputnik V Is Immunologically Effective and Depends on the Initial Neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies Level

et al. 2022

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Vaccination against COVID-19 has occurred in Russia for more than two years. According to the Russian official clinical guidelines to maintain tense immunity in the conditions of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to use booster immunization six months after primary vaccination or a previous COVID-19 contraction. It is especially important to ensure the maintenance of protective immunity in the elderly, who are at risk of severe courses of COVID-19. Meanwhile, the immunological effectiveness of the booster doses has not been sufficiently substantiated. To investigate the immunogenicity of Sputnik V within the recommended revaccination regimen and evaluate the effectiveness of booster doses, we conducted this study on 3983 samples obtained from individuals previously vaccinated with Sputnik V in Moscow. We analyzed the level of antibodies in BAU/mL three times: (i) six months after primary immunization immediately before the booster (RV), (ii) 3 weeks after the introduction of the first component of the booster (RV1), and (iii) 3 weeks after the introduction of the second component of the booster (RV2). Six months after the primary vaccination with Sputnik V, 95.5% of patients maintained a positive level of IgG antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. The degree of increase in the specific virus-neutralizing antibodies level after revaccination increased with a decrease in their initial level just before the booster dose application. In the group of people with the level of antibodies up to 100 BAU/mL six months after the vaccination, a more than eightfold increase (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon criterion with Bonferroni adjustment) in the level of specific antibodies was observed (Me = 8.84 (IQR: 3.63–30.61)). A significant increase in the IgG level after receiving both the first and the second booster doses occurred at the initial titer level up to 300 BAU/ mL (p < 0.001) in those who did not contract COVID-19 in the past and up to 100 BAU/mL (p < 0.001) in those who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. A significant increase in the antibody level after the first dose of the booster was noted for people who had up to 500 BAU/mL (p < 0.05), regardless of the previous COVID-19 infection. Thus, revaccination is most effective in individuals with an antibody level below 500 BAU/mL, regardless of the vaccinee age and COVID-19 contraction. For the first time, it has been shown that a single booster dose of the Sputnik vaccine is sufficient to form a protective immunity in most vaccinees regardless of age and preexisting antibody level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revaccination in Age-Risk Groups with Sputnik V Is Immunologically Effective and Depends on the Initial Neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies Level

et al. 2022

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“…50 The BCR-CDR3 Shannon index was higher in the seropositive group compared to the seronegative group post Pfizer-mRNA vaccination. 51…”

Section: Bcr-cdr3 Monitoring and Analysis Methods After Sars-cov-infe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BCR‐CDR3 diversity increased at 28 days after CoronaVac inactivated vaccination 50 . The BCR‐CDR3 Shannon index was higher in the seropositive group compared to the seronegative group post Pfizer‐mRNA vaccination 51 …”

Section: Bcr‐cdr3 Features Changes and Significance In Sars‐cov‐2 Inf...mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The increase in CDR3 length may be associated with the unique advantage of SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen epitopes. While, Fraley et al 51 concluded that BCR H‐CDR3 length did not change after Pfizer‐mRNA vaccination, and the length became shorter in the top 50 expanded clones after vaccination. Zhou et al 61 discovered the average length of H‐CDR3 in BBIBP‐CorV vaccine recipients was similar to that of non‐vaccinated individuals, at approximately 14 AA.…”

Section: Bcr‐cdr3 Features Changes and Significance In Sars‐cov‐2 Inf...mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The CSR after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination is not completely consistent with that of COVID‐19 patients. Fraley et al 51 found no significant change in isotype proportion after Pfizer‐mRNA vaccination, with no difference between the positive and negative groups; Tong et al 62 discovered that the abundance of IGHA and IGHG increased after the BBIBP‐CorV vaccine administration. Kotagiri et al 42 reported a rise in the proportions of IgD and IgM subtypes, along with a decrease in IgG2, IgA1, and IgE levels following 25 days of BNT162b2 vaccination, while there was a notable increase in IgG1, IgG3, and IgA1 levels following 25 days of TIV vaccination.…”

Section: Bcr‐cdr3 Features Changes and Significance In Sars‐cov‐2 Inf...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The characteristics of BCR‐CDR3 repertoire in COVID‐19 patients and SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinated volunteers

Xiao,

Luo,

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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The global COVID‐19 pandemic has caused more than 1 billion infections, and numerous SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines developed rapidly have been administered over 10 billion doses. The world is continuously concerned about the cytokine storms induced by the interaction between SARS‐CoV‐2 and host, long COVID, breakthrough infections postvaccination, and the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. BCR‐CDR3 repertoire serves as a molecular target for monitoring the antiviral response “trace” of B cells, evaluating the effects, mechanisms, and memory abilities of individual responses to B cells, and has been successfully applied in analyzing the infection mechanisms, vaccine improvement, and neutralizing antibodies preparation of influenza virus, HIV, MERS, and Ebola virus. Based on research on BCR‐CDR3 repertoire of COVID‐19 patients and volunteers who received different SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines in multiple laboratories worldwide, we focus on analyzing the characteristics and changes of BCR‐CDR3 repertoire, such as diversity, clonality, V&J genes usage and pairing, SHM, CSR, shared CDR3 clones, as well as the summary on BCR sequences targeting virus‐specific epitopes in the preparation and application research of SARS‐CoV‐2 potential therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. This review provides comparative data and new research schemes for studying the possible mechanisms of differences in B cell response between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or vaccination, and supplies a foundation for improving vaccines after SARS‐CoV‐2 mutations and potential antibody therapy for infected individuals.

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A humanized mouse that mounts mature class-switched, hypermutated and neutralizing antibody responses

Chupp,

Rivera,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Nat Immunol

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Humanized mice are limited in terms of modeling human immunity, particularly with regards to antibody responses. Here we constructed a humanized (THX) mouse by grafting non-γ-irradiated, genetically myeloablated KitW-41J mutant immunodeficient pups with human cord blood CD34+ cells, followed by 17β-estradiol conditioning to promote immune cell differentiation. THX mice reconstitute a human lymphoid and myeloid immune system, including marginal zone B cells, germinal center B cells, follicular helper T cells and neutrophils, and develop well-formed lymph nodes and intestinal lymphoid tissue, including Peyer’s patches, and human thymic epithelial cells. These mice have diverse human B cell and T cell antigen receptor repertoires and can mount mature T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antibody responses, entailing somatic hypermutation, class-switch recombination, and plasma cell and memory B cell differentiation. Upon flagellin or Pfizer coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccination, THX mice mount neutralizing antibody responses to Salmonella or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spike S1 receptor-binding domain, with blood incretion of human cytokines, including APRIL, BAFF, TGF-β, IL-4 and IFN-γ, all at physiological levels. These mice can also develop lupus autoimmunity after pristane injection. By leveraging estrogen activity to support human immune cell differentiation and maturation of antibody responses, THX mice provide a platform to study the human immune system and to develop human vaccines and therapeutics.

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Effects of Prior Infection with SARS-CoV-2 on B Cell Receptor Repertoire Response during Vaccination

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

Revaccination in Age-Risk Groups with Sputnik V Is Immunologically Effective and Depends on the Initial Neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies Level

Revaccination in Age-Risk Groups with Sputnik V Is Immunologically Effective and Depends on the Initial Neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies Level

The characteristics of BCR‐CDR3 repertoire in COVID‐19 patients and SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinated volunteers

A humanized mouse that mounts mature class-switched, hypermutated and neutralizing antibody responses

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