Effects of probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis) supplementation on mortality, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of native Vietnamese broilers challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium

Abstract

Background and Aim: Probiotic species have been proven to be beneficial on broiler performance; however, most studies have focused on industrial chickens with fast growth, whereas little information concerning the use of these species on native chickens is available. This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) on the mortality, growth rate, and carcass characteristics in native Noi chickens challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Materials and Methods: We divided 420 1-day-old Noi chicks into seven different treatment groups (n = 60): negative control (no S. Typhimurium, no probiotics or antibiotics); positive control (PC, S. Typhimurium infection, no probiotics or antibiotics); and S. Typhimurium infection and supplementation with LP, BS, LP + BS, enrofloxacin, and commercial probiotics, respectively. Treatment was for 96 days, and the chicks were orally challenged with S. Typhimurium at 22 days old. Results: No deaths occurred during the 4 weeks post-infection in the negative control, LP, or LP+BS groups. The PC group had the highest mortality rate (20%). Re-isolation of S. Typhimurium from the liver, spleen, and heart showed reduced bacterial counts at 1 week post-infection in the LP, BS, and LP + BS groups. The lowest body weight gain was observed in the PC group (949 g/bird), and chicks in the LP group gained 1148 g/bird. An improved feed conversion ratio was noted in the groups receiving probiotic supplementation (3.42–3.50 kg feed/kg gain). There was little evidence that probiotics affected carcass percentage and related parameters, such as breast, thigh and drumstick, and wings. Conclusion: Lactobacillus plantarum or BS dietary supplementation to native Noi broilers resulted in a lower mortality rate and improved body weight gain but did not affect carcass characteristics.

Probiotics Addition Potential to Increase Body Weight, Feed Consumption and Feed Conversion on Pre-Layer Laying Hens

“…Meanwhile, treatment P2 experienced the highest increase in body weight because probiotics could work well to reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria. This is in accordance with Nam et al (2022) who reported an increase in Lactobacillus content in chickens given a probiotic mixture of Bacillus sp. At the same time, the E. coli content decreased and Salmonella sp.…”

Resistant effects determination of Lactobacillus supplementation on broilers to consecutive hydrogen sulfide exposure

“…Probiotics such as Lactobacillus co-evolved with the host immune system, and effectively promote innate and adaptive immune responses ( O'Callaghan and O'Toole, 2013 ). Further, previous study indicated the beneficial effects of proper supplementation of Lactobacillus on nutrient absorption ( Wang et al, 2021 ) and antioxidative capacity, and reduced inflammatory response ( Nam et al, 2022 ). Besides, Lactobacillus supplement also improved intestinal health ( Li et al, 2022 ), enhanced humoral immunity ( Sun et al, 2022 ), and boosted the growth performance of broilers.…”

In ovo feeding technique of probiotics in broiler chickens: Achievements, Prospective and Challenges

“…With the exception of the heart, where the weight proportion did not alter between the treatments groups, the majority of internal organ weight percentages were slightly greater in the positive control group (Nam et al, 2022). In comparison to the negative control, the probiotictreated groups displayed a rising trend in the percentage weight of the liver and spleen (Nam et al, 2022). These results mostly agreed with studies showing that adding Bacillus subtilis to broilers' diets considerably increased the relative weight of the spleen but not the liver (Zhang et al, 2013;Stefaniak et al, 2020).Since no differences in the percentage weights of the liver, spleen, gizzard, and heart were seen between broilers given control or a probioticsupplemented diet in earlier trials, it is unclear how probiotics affect internal organ weight (Stęczny et al, 2020;Malik et al, 2018) There were no differences in the immune organs (thymus , spleen and Bursa of fabricius on the 1st day (P > 0.05) after the in ovo administration of probiotic, on the 14th and 21st days, the thymus and spleen organ indices in the probiotic group were considerably greater than those of the two control groups (P< 0.05), furthermore, at the 14th day revealed that, in comparison to the two control groups, both probiotic groups significantly (P< 0.05) increased the Fabricius bursa (Duan et al, 2021).…”

“…Additionally, there was a significant difference in the duodenal crypt depth (Elleithy et al, 2023). In terms of early nutrition, there were no differences in the proportion of carcass between the control and probiotic-supplemented groups (Nam et al, 2022). Similary, Qorbanpour et al (2018) observed that dietary supplementation of probiotics did not affect the weights of the carcass, breast, and thigh of chickens.…”

“…However, Mehr et al (2007) reported that high levels of probiotic supplementation resulted in higher carcass weights and a higher percentage of breast weight. With the exception of the heart, where the weight proportion did not alter between the treatments groups, the majority of internal organ weight percentages were slightly greater in the positive control group (Nam et al, 2022). In comparison to the negative control, the probiotictreated groups displayed a rising trend in the percentage weight of the liver and spleen (Nam et al, 2022).…”