Effects of probiotics on growth, the toll-like receptor mediated immune response and susceptibility to Aeromonas salmonicida infection in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Probiotics Mediate Intestinal Microbiome and Microbiota-Derived Metabolites Regulating the Growth and Immunity of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…Probiotics supplementation has been shown to activate the innate immune response in the fish host ( 38 ). For example, in rainbow trout, dietary supplementation of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus triggered the expression of immune-related genes, such as interleukin-1 ( il-1 ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-1α ), which subsequently led to a higher survival rate after Yersinia ruckeri challenge ( 39 ); feeding the probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in the upregulation of lectin in rainbow trout ( 40 ).…”

“…Our previous study suggested that during the early stages of probiotic use, different Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated MyD88-independent pathways may be activated in the liver and spleen, but TLRs were not always upregulated through the use of probiotics. Nonetheless, TLRs seem to be trained at an early stage to respond more rapidly in the face of pathogen invasion ( 38 ). Therefore, different strains of probiotics with species specificity exert their probiotic functions by regulating different metabolic pathways in fish at different time periods.…”

“…The parameters of the probiotic strains, diets, and culture conditions, as well as calculation of growth performance and survival rates, were well described in our previous study ( 38 ). The commercial diets used in this experiment were provided by Qingdao Aile Co. Ltd. and were designed for rainbow trout.…”

Polystyrene microplastics interaction and influence on the growth kinetics and metabolism of tilapia gut probiotic Bacillus tropicus ACS1

“…Probiotic bacteria in the gut have considerable beneficial impact on the immune and digestive health of fishes as they offer resistance to pathogens and produce a variety of extracellular enzymes that are advantageous for the fishes. 15 Among various tissues and organs, the maximum accumulation of PS-MPs was reported in the gut of Tilapia in a study conducted to assess the tissue distribution of PS-MPs in tilapia fish. Additionally, PS-MPs was also reported to induce alterations in SOD and cytochrome p450 enzyme levels.…”

Effects of TLR2/4 signalling pathway in western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) after Edwardsiella tarda infection

“…Gambusia affinis also was used as a model of predation‐driven phenotypic diversification (Langerhans et al, 2004). Gambusia affinis has was also regarded as an model organism of environmental pollution because of its wide distribution and high survival rate (Huang et al, 2019), and TLR2/TLR4 are important receptors that regulates immune system in the teleost fish (Chen et al, 2020; Dang et al, 2022). This study investigated the impacts of TLR2/4 partial pathways in G. affinis challenged to E. tarda , which would make an initial investigation to control E. tarda infection and supply some new targets for bacterial infection in G. affinis .…”