Effects of probiotics on Toll-like receptor expression in ulcerative colitis rats induced by 2,4,6-trinitro-benzene sulfonic acid

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of probiotics on the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in an ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model, and to determine the role of probiotics in the underlying mechanisms through which UC develops and progresses in rat models. Rats were randomly allocated to one of the four following groups: i) The healthy control, ii) the model, iii) the Golden bifid treatment group, and iv) the TLR4 monoclonal antibody (TLR4mAb) intervention group. The UC rat model was established using 2,4,6-trinitro-benzene sulfonic acid. The general status and histological changes of rats were scored using the disease activity index and the histopathological scoring method, respectively. In these rats, the expression of TLR4 and TLR2 was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of TLR4 and TLR2 in the model group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group. However, when compared with the model rats, those that received either Golden bifid treatment or TLR4mAb intervention exhibited significantly decreased mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and TLR2 (P<0.05). The development of UC is characterized by an abnormal immune response in the intestines. Probiotics alleviated inflammatory reactions in rats with UC. The underlying mechanism of UC may be associated with the expression of TLRs and the subsequent release of inflammatory cytokines.

Effect of dietary Clostridium butyricum and different feeding patterns on growth performance, antioxidant and immune capacity in freshwater prawn ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii )

“…A possible explanation of the down‐regulation of toll and dorsal genes may be due to the protective effects of C. butyricum against the generation of ROS as a result of improved antioxidant activities that led to reduction in the oxidative damage. These findings are supported by a study that exhibited significantly decreased mRNA expression levels of toll genes in ulcerative colitis (UC) rat fed on a probiotic combination of Bifidobacterium , Lactobacillus and Streptococcus thermophilus (Yao et al., 2017).…”

Anti-Inflammatory and Chemopreventive Effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lamarck) Leaf Extract in Experimental Colitis Models in Rodents

“…This excites the growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), which in turn generates activation of the IKK kinase complex. Such a complex promotes phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α (Inhibitor kappa B-alpha), resulting in the dissociation and release of NF-κB p65, known as an important factor in regulating this highly expressed immune process in patients with IBD ( Trzeciak-Jędrzejczyk et al, 2017 ; Yao et al, 2017 ; Lu et al, 2018 ). The NF-κB p65 migrate to the nucleus of cells and downregulate or supra-regulate the expression genes associated with the transcription of different inflammatory mediators (IL-12, IL-18, IL-23, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, and prostaglandins), activator protein 1, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, intercellular adhesion molecules, and inflammatory enzymes (iNOS and COX) ( Yao et al, 2017 ; Ramos and Papadakis, 2019 ).…”

Probiotics in Medicine: A Long Debate

“…Probiotics' regulatory effect on the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) was observed in several disease cases ( 131 ). Specifically, probiotics impede or reduce inflammation by minimizing the expression of TLR4 ( 132 ). In this vein, a large randomized controlled trial was conducted (PROSPECT Investigators and the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group) for the use of probiotics in critically ill patients of intensive care units (ICU) with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) showing beneficial and salutary effects of probiotics in this seriously ill patients ( 133 ).…”