Effects of Process Conditions on Calorific Value and Yield of Charcoal Produced from Pyrolysis of Coconut Shells

Ahmad, Rohiza; Sulaiman, Shaharin Anwar; Inayat, Muddasser; Umar, Hadiza A.

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-5753-8_24

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The calorific values of this study are higher than the calorific value of coal (16.16 MJ/kg) (Song et al 2016), coconut shell charcoal (34 MJ/kg) (Sari et al 2020), and charcoal from different biomass (coconut shell (17.5 MJ/ kg), palmyra shells (12.8 MJ/kg), and doum shells (11.1 MJ/kg) (Kongnine et al 2020). The results of this study were similar with those in the literature on coconut shell charcoal (Ahmad et al 2020b(Ahmad et al , 2020c. Hence, the calorific value of a charcoal depends on the temperature and other pyrolysis factors.…”

Section: Energysupporting

confidence: 90%

“…At higher temperatures, the degradation of the feedstock biomass molecules and the release of volatile components is so quick (Yang et al 2020), hence, fewer charcoal yields. A similar trend has been reported on coconut shell charcoal, apple branch biochar and several kinds of biochar's (Ahmad et al 2020b(Ahmad et al , 2020cDias Junior et al 2020;Yang et al 2020;Zhao et al 2018). Nevertheless, Baygan et al (2019) reported a different trend with variation among the charcoal yield with temperature (350 to 600 °C).…”

Section: Weight Losssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…A slight decrease of 0.05% is observed from 550 to 600 °C on the charcoal carbon yield. The charcoal at lower temperatures could be corrosive and with low-quality properties (Ahmad et al 2020b).…”

Section: Weight Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbonization of Coconut Shell Biomass in a Downdraft Reactor: Effect of Temperature on the Charcoal Properties

Ahmad¹,

Sulaiman²

2021

JSM

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Considering the value of coconut shell biomass as renewable fuels in homes and commercial industries, its effectiveness as a biomass resource has been overlooked by our rural citizens and researchers. Carbonization experiments of coconut shell biomass were conducted in a downdraft carbonization reactor (750 mm height and 67 mm diameter) to determine the effect of temperature (250 to 600 °C, in 50 °C intervals) on the charcoal properties. This was to address the problems of traditional charcoal production methods that include; low yield, environmental pollution, unregulated temperature, and poor quality properties. Yet the scarcity of this information hampers efforts for efficient commercial production. The coconut shell biomass was obtained from a local shop in Malaysia. It was heated in the reactor at a fixed residence time of 60 min and a particle size of 5 mm with nitrogen as a carrier gas. The relationship between temperature and the properties of coconut shell charcoal has been ascertained by the findings of this analysis. The relatively high the temperature, the better the charcoal quality, but the lowest the charcoal yields, since the secondary pyrolysis reaction expends charcoal. It was noted that, up to a final temperature of 500 °C, the yield reduction was rapid; after that, it was slower at 550 °C and almost stable at 600 °C. According to the charcoal’s proximate analysis, the calorific value, fixed carbon content, carbon content and ash content increased with temperature. Whereas, the charcoal density, volatile matter, moisture content, and conversion efficiencies decrease with temperature. The presence of nitrogen gas appears to have reduced combustion reactions that promote the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2). The methods produce the least amount of air pollutants (96 g carbon monoxide (CO), 167 g CO2, and 64 g methane (CH4) per 1 kg of charcoal production). The type of biomass and carbonization kiln has an impact on the production of CO, CO2, and CH4. Thus, the carbonization reactor used in this study has the potentials to produce an eco-friendly charcoal with superior quality properties that can assist in reducing environmental pollution, by proper selections of carbonization temperature.

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Section: Energysupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Weight Losssupporting

confidence: 74%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carbonization of Coconut Shell Biomass in a Downdraft Reactor: Effect of Temperature on the Charcoal Properties

Ahmad¹,

Sulaiman²

2021

JSM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The differences found between the different groups are due to the use of different tree species and their distinct parts (e.g., stem with bark or branches) but also to the different carbonization processes used. The composition of the material in fact influences this parameter [1] as well as the rate of heating and the temperature of the carbonization process [17]. The presence of soil, dirt or other contaminants can contribute to the increase of this parameter.…”

Section: J O U R N a L P R E -P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the production process has a strong impact on the properties of the fuel. The final carbonization temperature of the production process used, but also his heating rate, affect the characteristics of the material [17]. The same kiln used can produce different qualities of charcoal depending on the combination of the starting material and the carbonization process [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%